Tetragenococcus solitarius

(aka Enterococcus solitarius)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Tetragenococcus solitarius, (aka Enterococcus solitarius), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Tetragenococcus solitarius is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ennahar2005; Dicks2011Bergey; Collins1989a)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ennahar2005); (Dicks2011Bergey); (Collins1989a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; sucrose; D-turanose; arbutin; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; α-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dicks2011Bergey); (Collins1989a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Tetragenococcus Alt. name:  Enterococcus solitarius Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Arginine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  w 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR TETRAGENOCOCCUS SOLITARIUS
  • Ennahar2005 - Biochemical and genetic evidence for the transfer of Enterococcus solitarius Collins et al. 1989 to the genus Tetragenococcus as Tetragenococcus solitarius comb. nov.
  • Dicks2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus III. Tetragenococcus
  • Collins1989a - Enterococcus raffinosus sp. nov., Enterococcus solitarius sp. nov. and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR TETRAGENOCOCCUS SOLITARIUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR TETRAGENOCOCCUS SOLITARIUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021