Thomasclavelia spiroformis

(aka Clostridium spiroforme)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Thomasclavelia spiroformis, (aka Clostridium spiroforme), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, helical-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 16 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 27%. Thomasclavelia spiroformis is a common gut coloniser. (Kaneuchi1979; Rainey2011jBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Alkhalil2017). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kaneuchi1979); (Rainey2011jBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; mannose; inulin; lactose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • amygdalin; cellubiose; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; inulin; lactose; mannose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • cellubiose; aesculin; salicin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kaneuchi1979); (Rainey2011jBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate; ethanolminor; succinate (minor); Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • norfloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • sulfadimethoxine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin;

  • Kaneuchi, C., Miyazato, T., Shinjo, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1979). Taxonomic Study of Helically Coiled, Sporeforming Anaerobes Isolated from the Intestines of Humans and Other Animals: Clostridium cocleatum sp. nov. and Clostridium spiroforme sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 29(1), 1–12.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Thomasclavelia Alt. name:  Clostridium spiroforme Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Helical
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Alkhalil2017)
    DNA G+C(%):  27
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  vr Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  + Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  d Aesculin:  w(neg) Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  w(+) Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Aesculin:  d Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  d Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Ethanol:  minor Succinate:  minor(+) H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.063, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.032-0.5)
    piperacillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-2)
    spiramycin:  R(MIC50): 256, MIC90: 256, RNG: (16-256)
    norfloxacin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: 32, RNG: (16-64)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4-16)
    sulfadimethoxine:  R(MIC50): 256, MIC90: 256, RNG: (256-)
    lincomycin:  R(MIC50): 256, MIC90: 256, RNG: (2-256)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR THOMASCLAVELIA SPIROFORMIS
  • Kaneuchi1979 - Taxonomic Study of Helically Coiled, Sporeforming Anaerobes Isolated from the Intestines of Humans and Other Animals: Clostridium cocleatum sp. nov. and Clostridium spiroforme sp. nov.
  • Rainey2011jBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XVIII
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR THOMASCLAVELIA SPIROFORMIS
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR THOMASCLAVELIA SPIROFORMIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021