Variovorax paradoxus

(aka Alcaligenes paradoxus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Variovorax paradoxus, (aka Alcaligenes paradoxus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67%. Variovorax paradoxus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Willems1991; Willems2005bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Willems1991); (Willems2005bBergey);
    Character Response
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; d_arabitol; ethanol; fructose; D-fucose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; mannitol; mannose; sorbitol; xylose; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; leucine; ornithine; phenylalanine; proline; acetate; adipate; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; DL-lactate; L-malate; mesaconate; pimelate; pyruvate; quinate; sebacate; succinate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • adonitol; arabinose; L-arabitol; cellubiose; fucose; inositol; D-lyxose; rhamnose; ribose; xylitol; β-alanine; glycine; isoleucine; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; aconitate; azelate; butyrate; caproate; citraconate; glutarate; glycolate; isobutyrate; isovalerate; itaconate; 2-ketogluconate; levulinate; malate; maleate; malonate; L-mandelate; mucate; phenol; phenylacetate; propionate; saccharate; suberate; D-tartrate; L-tartrate; valerate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Willems1991);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Willems2005bBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; methicillin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Burkholderiales Family:  Comamonadaceae Genus:  Variovorax Alt. name:  Alcaligenes paradoxus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  67
    		Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  d L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  d D-Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  d Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  d Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  d Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Ethanol:  + Glucosamine:  neg Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  d Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Xylitol:  d Ala:  + β-Ala:  d 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  d Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  d DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  + Lys:  neg Met:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  d Thr:  d Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  d Tyr:  d Val:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  d Adipate:  + Azelate:  d Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  d Caprate:  neg Caproate:  d Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  d Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  d DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  d Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  d Isovalerate:  d Itaconate:  d 2-Ketogluconate:  d DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  d Malate:  d L-Malate:  + Maleate:  d Malonate:  d L-Mandelate:  d Mesaconate:  + Mucate:  d Nonanoate:  neg Phenol:  d Phenylacetate:  d Pimelate:  + Propionate:  d Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  d Sebacate:  + Suberate:  d Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  d L-Tartrate:  d Valerate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    methicillin:  R(5; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 15; disc), MIC90: Var(15; disc
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    novobiocin:  R(30; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VARIOVORAX PARADOXUS
  • Willems1991 - Comamonadaceae, a New Family Encompassing the Acidovorans rRNA Complex, Including Variovorax paradoxus gen. nov., comb. nov., for Alcaligenes paradoxus (Davis 1969)
  • Willems2005bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Comamonadeae, Genus X. Variovorax
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VARIOVORAX PARADOXUS
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: December 15, 2021