Vibrio cholerae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 47-49%. Vibrio cholerae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Brayton1986; Farmer2005gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (ear infections - CCUG) and causes severe diarrhoea. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). This is a dangerous pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Brayton1986); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • chitin; DNA; gelatin; mucin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5-2% salt; tolerates 3.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 31-40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • galactose; mannitol; sucrose; trehalose; glutamate; proline; DL-lactate; malate; L-malate; propionate; pyruvate; glutamine; mucin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • mannose; D-alanine; histidine; serine; citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase; β-galactosidase; lipase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Brayton1986); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • inhibited
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Brayton1986); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • sulfadiazine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Veillonellales Family:  Veillonellaceae Genus:  Vibrio Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (ear infections - CCUG) and causes severe diarrhoea
    DNA G+C(%):  47-49
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  31-40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5-2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Alginate:  neg Chitin:  + DNA:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d(neg) Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  + Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  neg D-Ala:  d β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Betaine:  neg Glu:  + His:  d Leu:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  d Tyr:  neg Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  d Glutarate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Malate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Mucate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  + Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    carbenicil:  Var
    penicillin_G:  Res
    cephalothin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Var
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Res
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIBRIO CHOLERAE
  • Brayton1986 - Vibrio cincinnatiensis sp. nov., a new human pathogen.
  • Farmer2005gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Vibrionaceae, Genus I. Vibrio
  • Newburg2015 - Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Human Milk Glycans Cooperate to Attenuate Infection and Inflammation
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIBRIO CHOLERAE
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR VIBRIO CHOLERAE
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Derrien2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Lentisphaerae. Family Victivallaceae, Genus I. Victivallis
  • Derrien2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Verrucomicrobia. Family Akkermansiaceae, Genus I. Akkermansia
  • Derrien2010 - Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract.
    • Added: October 27, 2021