Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46-47%. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Brayton1986; Sakazaki1968; Farmer2005gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (diarrhoea, blood, wound - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Brayton1986); (Sakazaki1968); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • chitin; gelatin; milk; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1% salt; tolerates 7% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 22℃; grows at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • ethanol; galactose; gluconate; mannitol; mannose; trehalose; D-alanine; glutamate; histidine; leucine; proline; serine; tyrosine; citrate; heptanoate; DL-lactate; malate; L-malate; propionate; pyruvate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • L-arabinose; alanine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; lipase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Brayton1986); (Sakazaki1968); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Brayton1986); (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • sulfadiazine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

  • Molenda, W. G. J., Fishbein, M., Wentz, B., Mehlman, I. J., & Dadisman, T. A. (1972). Vibrio parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis in Maryland: Laboratory Aspects. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 24, 444–448.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Vibrionales Family:  Vibrionaceae Genus:  Vibrio Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (diarrhoea, blood, wound - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  46-47
    Lower T(℃):  22(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Alginate:  neg Chitin:  + Hippurate:  neg Milk:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  d(+) Galactose:  d(+) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d(+) Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  d Galactose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Ethanol:  + Gluconate:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  d D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Betaine:  neg Glu:  + His:  + Leu:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  + Tyr:  + Acetate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg Heptanoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Malate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(>50)
    carbenicil:  Res
    penicillin_G:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Var
    streptomycin:  Res
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Res
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
  • Brayton1986 - Vibrio cincinnatiensis sp. nov., a new human pathogen.
  • Sakazaki1968 - Proposal of Vibrio Alginolyticus for the Biotype 2 of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus.
  • Farmer2005gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Vibrionaceae, Genus I. Vibrio
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021