Vibrio vulnificus

(aka Beneckea vulnifica)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Vibrio vulnificus, (aka Beneckea vulnifica), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 46-48%. Vibrio vulnificus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer2005gBergey; Reichelt1976)



  • This organism has been recovered from eels and clinical sources (wounds, septicaemia, bacteraemia). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Includes all biogroups (1-3). Can cause food poisoning. Colonises the mucus layer at the expense of Phocaeicola vulgatus, killing the latter.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer2005gBergey); (Reichelt1976);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • chitin; gelatin; starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 30℃; grows at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose; trehalose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose; lactose; sucrose; mannitol; sorbitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; galactose; gluconate; mannose; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; arginine; glutamate; proline; tyrosine; acetate; 2-ketoglutarate; DL-lactate; propionate; pyruvate; glutamine; D-glucuronate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • lactose; mannitol; histidine; citrate; malate; L-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • lipase; lycine decarboxylase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole (strain-dependent);
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • ONPG test:
  • strain dependent
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • green
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Farmer2005gBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • penicillin G;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Vibrionales Family:  Vibrionaceae Genus:  Vibrio Alt. name:  Beneckea vulnifica Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod - curved Pigment:  green
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  eels and clinical sources (wounds, septicaemia, bacteraemia)
    DNA G+C(%):  46-48
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Alginate:  neg Chitin:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(neg) Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  d Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  d Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Hippurate:  neg His:  d Leu:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  neg Tyr:  + Acetate:  + Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Citrate:  d Glutarate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Malate:  d L-Malate:  d Malonate:  neg Nonanoate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  d ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  d Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  (d) Pigment:  green
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    carbenicil:  Var
    penicillin_G:  Res
    cephalothin:  Var
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Var
    streptomycin:  Var
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIBRIO VULNIFICUS
  • Farmer2005gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Vibrionaceae, Genus I. Vibrio
  • Aznar1994 - Sequence determination of rRNA genes of pathogenic Vibrio species and whole-cell identification of Vibrio vulnificus with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes.
  • Reichelt1976 - Study of genetic relationships among marine species of the genera Beneckea and Photobacterium by means of in vitro DNA/DNA hybridization.
  • Kim2021b - Vibrio vulnificus induces the death of a major bacterial species in the mouse gut via cyclo-Phe-Pro.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIBRIO VULNIFICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022