Virgibacillus dokdonensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Virgibacillus dokdonensis is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 36.7%. Virgibacillus dokdonensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Heyrman2011Bergey; Yoon2005c)



  • This organism has been recovered from an island, Korea. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Heyrman2011Bergey); (Yoon2005c);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 23% salt; Grows optimally with 4-5% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 50℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; inositol; sorbitol; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; maltose; mannose; raffinose; salicin; acetate; citrate; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; chymotrypsin; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; oxidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Heyrman2011Bergey); (Yoon2005c);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Virgibacillus Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  an island, Korea
    DNA G+C(%):  36.7
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  23(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(+) 40(+) 60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Glycerol:  w Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  + NAc-α-GA:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Mannose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Trehalose:  neg Salicin:  + Glu:  neg Acetate:  + Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  + Formate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS DOKDONENSIS
  • Heyrman2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae, Genus XIX. Virgibacillus
  • Yoon2005c - Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a Korean island, Dokdo, located at the edge of the East Sea in Korea.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS DOKDONENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022