Virgibacillus massiliensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Virgibacillus massiliensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 36.9%. Virgibacillus massiliensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Khelaifia2015)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Khelaifia2015);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt; tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Khelaifia2015);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Khelaifia2015);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; imipenem; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • metronidazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Virgibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty
    DNA G+C(%):  36.9
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Casein:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Mannitol:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS MASSILIENSIS
  • Khelaifia2015 - Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Virgibacillus massiliensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS MASSILIENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS MASSILIENSIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: July 12, 2021