Virgibacillus profundi

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Virgibacillus profundi is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 37.3%. Virgibacillus profundi is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Xu2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from marine sediments. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Low optimum temperatures (15-25C) and inability to grow at 37C makes this an unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Xu2018);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin; hippurate; urea; xanthine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt; tolerates 15% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.5; tolerates pH 9.0;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 30℃; doesn't grow at 37℃; Grows optimally at 15-25℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; lactose; sucrose; xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; chymotrypsin; β-galactosidase; oxidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Xu2018);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Xu2018);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Virgibacillus Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  marine sediments
    DNA G+C(%):  37.3
    Opt. T:  15-25℃
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  15(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.5(+)
    pH >8:  9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  + Chitin:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  + Pectin:  neg Tween:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  w Glucose:  w Mannose:  w Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  w NAc-α-GA:  w
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Xylose:  + Lactose:  + Sucrose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  neg TrpAA:  w CystineAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  w Esterase(C4):  w EstLip(C8):  w Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    kanamycin:  Res
    streptomycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Res
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS PROFUNDI
  • Xu2018 - Virgibacillus indicus sp. nov. and Virgibacillus profundi sp. nov, two moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from marine sediment by using microfluidic streak plates.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS PROFUNDI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
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    • Added: May 15, 2022