Virgibacillus proomii

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Virgibacillus proomii is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37%. Virgibacillus proomii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Heyndrickx1999; Heyrman2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil and clinical sources (infant bile). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Heyndrickx1999); (Heyrman2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; gelatin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 50℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; maltose; trehalose; inositol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • rhamnose; amygdalin; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; sucrose; gluconate; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • raffinose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Heyndrickx1999); (Heyrman2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced

  • Hoyles, L., Honda, H., Logan, N. A., Halket, G., La Ragione, R. M., & McCartney, A. L. (2012). Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces. Research in Microbiology, 163(1), 3–13.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Virgibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil and clinical sources (infant bile)
    DNA G+C(%):  37
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d(+) Casein:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  d Glycogen:  d Inulin:  neg Starch:  d Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d(neg) 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Raffinose:  + Citrate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + ArgDH:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS PROOMII
  • Heyndrickx1999 - Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998.
  • Heyrman2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae, Genus XIX. Virgibacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS PROOMII
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS PROOMII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021