Virgibacillus senegalensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Virgibacillus senegalensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 42.9%. Virgibacillus senegalensis is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Seck2015a)



  • This organism has been recovered from the faeces of a healthy volunteer, Senegal. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Likely gut non-coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt and is an obligate aerobe.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Seck2015a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0% salt; tolerates 20% salt; Grows optimally with 10% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Seck2015a);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Seck2015a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; imipenem; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Virgibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  the faeces of a healthy volunteer, Senegal
    DNA G+C(%):  42.9
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  20(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Urea:  neg Casein:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Mannitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Mannitol:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS SENEGALENSIS
  • Seck2015a - Virgibacillus senegalensis sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR VIRGIBACILLUS SENEGALENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022