Weissella confusa

(aka Lactobacillus confusus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Weissella confusa, (aka Lactobacillus confusus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45-47%. Weissella confusa is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Bjoerkroth2002; Collins1993a; Bjorkroth2011Bergey; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, fermented food, and clinical sources (gall, blood, drainage - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bjoerkroth2002); (Collins1993a); (Bjorkroth2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • growth at 45(vr) is variable;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; catalase; β-glucosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bjoerkroth2002); (Collins1993a); (Bjorkroth2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • ammonia;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Olano2001); (Svec2007); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefuroxime;
  • cefoxitin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

  • Björkroth, K. J., Schillinger, U., Geisen, R., Weiss, N., Hoste, B., Holzapfel, W. H., Korkeala, H. J., & Vandamme, P. (2002). Taxonomic study of Weissella confusa and description of Weissella cibaria sp. nov., detected in food and clinical samples. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52(Pt 1), 141–148.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Leuconostocaceae Genus:  Weissella Alt. name:  Lactobacillus confusus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, fermented food, and clinical sources (gall, blood, drainage - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  45-47
    High T(℃):  45(vr)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  vr
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Ammonia:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(1)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–4)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–4)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06–64)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.015–8)
    cefotaxime:  S(3.0)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    cefuroxime:  S(4)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–>32)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–>128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR WEISSELLA CONFUSA
  • Bjoerkroth2002 - Taxonomic study of Weissella confusa and description of Weissella cibaria sp. nov., detected in food and clinical samples.
  • Collins1993a - Taxonomic studies on some leuconostoc-like organisms from fermented sausages: description of a new genus Weissella for the Leuconostoc paramesenteroides group of species.
  • Bjorkroth2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Leuconostocaceae, Genus III. Weissella
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Olano2001 - Weissella confusa (basonym: Lactobacillus confusus) bacteremia: a case report.
  • Svec2007 - Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human blood cultures.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR WEISSELLA CONFUSA
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR WEISSELLA CONFUSA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021