Weizmannia coagulans

(aka Bacillus coagulans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Weizmannia coagulans, (aka Bacillus coagulans), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45.4-50.3%. Weizmannia coagulans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Logan2011Bergey; Nakamura1988; DeClerck2004)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soil and spoilt food. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Logan2011Bergey); (Nakamura1988); (DeClerck2004);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.2; tolerates pH 10.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 60℃; Grows optimally at 40-57℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; starch; maltose; melibiose; trehalose; glycerol; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; raffinose; sucrose; D-turanose; D-arabitol; inositol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; methyl mannoside; methyl xyloside; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Logan2011Bergey); (Nakamura1988); (DeClerck2004);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • strain dependent
  • ±
  • ONPG test:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Weizmannia Alt. name:  Bacillus coagulans Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, soil and spoilt food
    DNA G+C(%):  45.4-50.3
    Opt. T:  40-57℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    High T(℃):  60(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.2(+)
    pH >8:  10.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d Starch:  + Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Gentiobiose:  d Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  d Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  d L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  d Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  d Gluconate:  d 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  d Me-Xyloside:  d NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d ArgDH:  d LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR WEIZMANNIA COAGULANS
  • Gupta2020a - Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species.
  • Li2012 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with Crohn's disease
  • Logan2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Bacillaceae Genus I. Bacillus
  • Nakamura1988 - Taxonomic Study of Bacillus coagulans Hammer 1915 with a Proposal for Bacillus smithii sp. nov.
  • DeClerck2004 - Polyphasic characterization of Bacillus coagulans strains, illustrating heterogeneity within this species, and emended description of the species.
  • Hammer1915 - Bacteriological studies on the coagulation of evaporated milk.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR WEIZMANNIA COAGULANS
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
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    • Added: December 15, 2021