Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica

(aka Yersinia enterocolitica)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica, (aka Yersinia enterocolitica), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.5%. Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Bottone2005Bergey; Bercovier1980; Terekhov2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and clinical sources. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Bottone2005Bergey); (Bercovier1980);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; sorbose; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose; amygdalin; inositol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; ornithine decarboxylase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • DNase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Bottone2005Bergey); (Bercovier1980);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • inhibited
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Bottone2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • aztreonam; ertapenem; imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefdinir; cefepime; cefixime; cefpirom; cefpodoxime; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime; moxalactam;
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefprozil; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

  • Dolina, M., & Peduzzi, R. (1993). Population genetics of human, animal, and environmental Yersinia strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59(2), 442–450.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Yersiniaceae Genus:  Yersinia Alt. name:  Yersinia enterocolitica Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and clinical sources
    DNA G+C(%):  48.5
    		Aesculin:  d(w) Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Tween:  80(vr)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + Xylose:  d(neg) L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  d(w) Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  w Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  d Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Arbutin:  d(+) 5-Ketogluconate:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Citrate:  neg Malonate:  neg Mucate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg TrpAA:  neg DNAse:  d Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  d(neg)
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.12->32)
    ampicillin:  R(>128/>128)
    aztreonam:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.015-128)
    ticarcillin:  Res
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.25)
    cefaclor:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >128, RNG: (8->128)
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefdinir:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-2)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015-0.03)
    cefixime:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->4)
    cefpirom:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015-0.03)
    cefpodoxime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    cefprozil:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (16-32)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    ceftizoxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Res
    moxalactam:  Sens
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (2-32)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Res
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (<0.008-2)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (<0.008-0.5)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (<0.008-1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (<0.008-1)
    nalidixic-acid:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (<0.008-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    tetracycline:  R(16/64)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    rifampicin:  R(16/32)
    chloramphenicol:  R(16/128)
    trimethoprim:  R(16/16)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: ≤0.5, RNG: (≤0.5)
    novobiocin:  Res
    colistin:  Var

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA SUBSP. ENTEROCOLITICA
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Bottone2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XLI. Yersinia
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • Bercovier1980 - Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica sensu stricto.
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Li2012 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with Crohn's disease
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA SUBSP. ENTEROCOLITICA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA SUBSP. ENTEROCOLITICA
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021