Yersinia pestis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 46%. Yersinia pestis is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Bottone2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from rodents and their fleas. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 4, i.e., high risk of individual infection, and high risk of spread (notes: can be passed from animals to humans). Is a known human pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Highly dangerous pathogen. Not a long term coloniser of the human gut.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bottone2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 3.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.0; tolerates pH 9.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.2-7.4.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 28-29℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; glucose; mannose; xylose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • maltose; melibiose; glycerol; sorbitol; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bottone2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • KCN growth:
  • inhibited
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Bottone2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Yersiniaceae Genus:  Yersinia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  rodents and their fleas
    DNA G+C(%):  46
    Opt. T:  28-29℃
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3.5(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.2-7.4
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.6(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Malonate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    gentamicin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR YERSINIA PESTIS
  • Bottone2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XLI. Yersinia
  • Anisimov2004 - Intraspecific diversity of Yersinia pestis.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR YERSINIA PESTIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • ...............................
    • Added: March 18, 2022