Yokenella regensburgei

(aka Koserella trabulsii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Yokenella regensburgei, (aka Koserella trabulsii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 58-59.3%. Yokenella regensburgei is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kosako1984; Farmer2005fBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (ulceritive colitis - Alkhalil2017), insects, and clinical sources (wound). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kosako1984); (Farmer2005fBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; fucose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; xylose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; melibiose; trehalose; mannitol; gluconate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kosako1984); (Farmer2005fBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Farmer2005fBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; sulfadiazine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

  • Ursing, J., Don Brennert, J., Bercovier, H., Richard Fanning, G., Steigerwalt, A. G., Brault, J., & Mollaret, H. H. (1980). Yersinia frederiksenii: A new species of enterobacteriaceae composed of rhamnose-positive strains (formerly called atypicalyersinia enterocolitica orYersinia enterocolitica-Like). Current Microbiology, 4(4), 213–217.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Yokenella Alt. name:  Koserella trabulsii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces (ulceritive colitis - Alkhalil2017), insects, and clinical sources (wound)
    DNA G+C(%):  58-59.3
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Chitin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Pectin:  neg Acetate:  neg Citrate:  + Malonate:  neg Mucate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Res
    carbenicil:  Res
    penicillin:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Var
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Sens
    colistin:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR YOKENELLA REGENSBURGEI
  • Kosako1984 - Yokenella Regensburgei gen. nov., sp. nov.: A New Genus and Species in the Family Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Farmer2005fBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XLII. Yokenella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR YOKENELLA REGENSBURGEI
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR YOKENELLA REGENSBURGEI
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021