Description of Burkholderia novacaledonica sp. nov.

Burkholderia novacaledonica sp. nov. (no.va. L. adj. for new,ca.le.do’nica. L. n. Caledonia Latin name for the Scottish Highlands; L.adj. novacaledonica of New Caledonia from where the strains were isolated).

Cells are Gram-negative, non-sporulating, straight rods. The temperature range for growth is 15–37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C, growth not occurred at 40 °C. The optimum pH for growth is 5–6. Strain grew optimally at 0–1% NaCl. The strains werecatalase-positive but oxidase, nitrate reductase negative. Theyare able to produce alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, Naphtol AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, urease, β-galactosidase and arginine dihydrolase but unable to produce C14-lipase, cysteine arylamidase, α-chymotrypsin, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, α-fucosidase. The strain was positive for the assimilation of α-d-glucose, d-fructose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, dextrin, potassium gluconate, malate, tri-sodium citrate, 1% sodium lactate, d-fructose-6-phosphate, potassium telurite. The following carbon sources are not utilized: adipic acid, sucrose, stachyose, d-raffinose, N-acetyl-mannosamine, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, d-malic-acid, γ-amino-butyric acid, d-aspartic acid, sodium bromate, l-arginine, l-histidine, l-pyroglutamic acid, d-saccharic acid. The strains are unable to ferment glucose. The other car-bon sources and enzyme activities were strain-dependent. The strains are sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin but resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and aztreonam (Supplemental Table 5). The major cellular fatty acids present in strain STM10272^T were C18:1^ω7c (40.9%), C16:0 (17.1%), cyclo C17: 0 (5.9%), C16: 3OH (4.1%), C14: 0 (3.8%) and C16: 2OH (2.3%) (Supplemental Table 6). The whole genome DNA–DNA hybridization experiments were performed between the strain STM10272^T and the type strains of the nearest phylogenetic neighbours: Burkholderia zhejiangensis [30], B. grimmiae [45] and B. glathei [46]. The percentage of DNA–DNA similarity reached 48.4% between strain STM10272^T and B. zhejiangensis DSM 28073^T, 34.0% between strain STM10272^T and B. grimmiae DSM 25160^T and 22.9% between strain STM10272^Tand B. glathei DSM 50014^T. The G + C content for the type strain STM20272^T is 63.6 mol%. The type strain is STM10272^T = CIP110887^T = LMG28615^T. The 16SrRNA gene sequence was deposited in the EMBL database under accession number FR872397.