Bacteria | Synonym | Net Effect | BAuA Risk | Risk Notes | Coloniser | Symbiosis | Pathogenic | Notes | Source | Studies | Phylum | Class | Family | Gram | OxTol | Motil | Morph | Spore | DnaGC | Bile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abiotrophia defectiva | Streptococcus defectivus | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (bacterial endocarditis, blood, wound - CCUG), human saliva and dental plaques | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 46.0-46.6 | |||
Absiella argi | Eubacterium sp. 1-3 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an old dog | Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.8 | |||||
Absiella innocuum | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | In 94% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | |||||||||||||
Absiella tortuosum | Eubacterium tortuosum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, turkey diseases and freshwater | Finegold1977, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.9 | 20(neg) | ||
Acetanaerobacterium elongatum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and paper mill waste water | deGoffau2013, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50.5 | |||||
Acetatifactor muris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caecal contents of a mouse | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.5 | ||||||
Acetitomaculum ruminis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogenic. Can consume carbon monoxide. | rumen | Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 32-36 | ||||
Acetivibrio cellulolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a methanogenic enrichment culture from sewage sludge | Zupancic2012, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 38 | |||||
Acetivibrio clariflavus | Clostridium clariflavum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and anaerobic sludge | PerisBondia2011, deGoffau2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 36.9 | ||||
Acetivibrio ethanolgignens | 2 | Pathogen for vertebrates; humans are not infected under natural conditions. | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | In 75% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | colon of pigs with dysentry | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Ruminococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 40 | 20(neg) | ||
Acetivibrio saccincola | Herbivorax saccincola | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Thermophilic. Doesn't grow at 37C so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | thermophilic lab-scale biogas fermenter, Germany | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 34.9 | ||||
Acetivibrio thermocellus | Clostridium thermocellum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. Does not ferment any other sugars. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a sewage digestor; has also been detected in human faeces | Salonen2014, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 38.1-39.5 | |||
Acetoanaerobium sticklandii | Clostridium sticklandii | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and black mud | Benno1986, Benno1986, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 31 | |||
Acetobacter pasteurianus | Acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | fruits, flowers, and vegetables | McLaughlin2010, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Acetobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Oval-shaped | No spore | 52-53 | ||||
Acetobacterium woodii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Hydrogen-oxidising, CO2-reducing acetic acid producer. Homoacetogen. Can use CO as an electron donor. | marine and freshwater black sediments | De2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 39 | ||||
Acetomicrobium hydrogeniformans | Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Reduces thiosulfate, sulfur and cysteine to sulfide. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | oil-contaminated water and human faeces | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46.6 | ||||
Achromobacter denitrificans | Alcaligenes denitrificans | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Some strains can utilise acetamide. Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, soil and clinical specimens (sputum, urine - CCUG) | Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.1 | |||
Achromobacter insuavis | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (sputum) and water sources (pool) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | vr | Short Rod | No spore | 68.0 | |||||
Achromobacter spanius | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (blood) | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | vr | Coccus | No spore | 64.9 | |||
Achromobacter xylosoxidans | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Phototrophic. | human faeces, clinical specimens (sputum - CCUG), water and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64-70 | ||||
Acidaminococcus fermentans | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | pig gut, human faeces and clinical sources (abdominal and pulmonary abscesses, bacteremia) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Zupancic2012, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 56 | ||||
Acidaminococcus intestini | Acidaminococcus sp. D21 | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources, and is a normal commensal of the human gut | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 49.3 | ||||
Acidaminococcus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 8% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A rare coloniser. | human duodenum and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Acidaminococcus provencensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | SANA | Coccus | 53.2 | ||||||||
Acidaminococcus timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici | Propionibacterium acidipropionici | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and dairy fermentation | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | 68 | |||||
Acidipropionibacterium jensenii | Propionibacterium jensenii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, malted barley, and buttermilk | Taylor1985, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | 68.5-68.8 | ||||
Acidisarcina polymorpha | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | acidic soil, Russia | New2022 | Acidobacteria | Acidobacteriia | Acidobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 56.8 | ||||||
Acidovorax facilis | Pseudomonas facilis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and lawn soil | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64–65 | ||||
Acidovorax sp. strain KKS102 | Pseudomonas sp. strain KKS102 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degrader. | human faeces and soil | King2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | ||||
Acidovorax temperans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (urine) and sludge | McLaughlin2010 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 62-66 | ||||
Acidovorax wautersii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources and the environment | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.1 | ||||||
Acinetobacter baumannii | Acinetobacter genomospecies 2 | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical specimens (blood, urine, sputum - CCUG) and the environment | Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | vr | Diplococci | No spore | 40-43 | |||
Acinetobacter bereziniae | Acinetobacter genomospecies 10 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | millk, human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical specimens (trachea, sputum, uring - CCUG) and the environment | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus | Achromobacter anitratus | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017), clinical specimens (wound, urine - CCUG) and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 40-42 | ||||
Acinetobacter guillouiae | Acinetobacter genomospecies 11 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; has been found in the faeces of non-hospital patients in Leiden (Dijkshoorn2005). | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical sources (wound, infection, sputum, urine - CCUG) and the environment | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||
Acinetobacter haemolyticus | Acinetobacter genomospecies 4 | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, clinical specimens (sputum, blood - CCUG) and the environment | Wang2005, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 40-43 | |||
Acinetobacter idrijaensis | Rare | Resistant to mercury, and probably cobalt, cadmium and zinc. | soil | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | 36.8 | ||||||||||||
Acinetobacter johnsonii | Acinetobacter genomospecies 7 | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe and grows poorly at 37C, but has been found in the faeces of non-hospitalised patients from Leiden (Dijkshoorn2005). Not detected in Europeans with a healthy microbiome (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), human duodenum, clinical sources (blood, larynx, sputum - CCUG) and the environment | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 44-45 | |||
Acinetobacter junii | Acinetobacter genomospecies 5 | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005) and clinical sources (wound, sputum, urine - CCUG) | Frank2007, McLaughlin2010, Pandey2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 42 | |||
Acinetobacter lwoffii | Acinetobacter mesopotamicus | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005), clinical sources (blood, wound, abscess - CCUG), animal sources and the environment | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Yang2020, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 46 | |||
Acinetobacter parvus | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe suggests it is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical specimens (eye, ear, skin) | Hu2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 41.8 | ||||
Acinetobacter pittii | Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, clinical specimens (sputum, urine, wound - CCUG) and the environment | Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 41-42 | ||||
Acinetobacter radioresistens | Acinetobacter genomospecies 12 | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | soils, cotton clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | No spore | 44.1-44.8 | |||||
Acinetobacter schindleri | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical specimens (urine, infection - CCUG) | Lagier2016, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||
Acinetobacter septicus | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (ulcers, blood) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||||
Acinetobacter towneri | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | activated sludge | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||||
Acinetobacter ursingii | Acinetobacter sp. phenon 1 | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Dijkshoorn2005) and clinical sources (wound, blood, infection - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||
Acinetobacter variabilis | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||||
Actinobacillus capsulatus | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | pets and rodent clinical isolates | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.4 | ||||
Actinobacillus minor | 1 | Unlikely | Non-commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | pigs | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.2 | ||||||
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and pneumonic lesions of swine | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43 | |||
Actinobacillus succinogenes | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | bovine rumen | Tyakht2013 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 45 | |||||
Actinobacillus ureae | Pasteurella ureae | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Breaks down urea. | the human nose. Can cause ozaena and other infections | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | No spore | 41.2-43.7 | ||||
Actinobaculum massiliense | Actinobaculum massiliae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Original strain developed resistance to many UTI antibiotics due to misdiagnosis. In 10% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources (urine) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55 | |||
Actinomyces bouchesdurhonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human stomach and duodenum (Fonkou2018, Bilen2018e), and clinical specimens (stomach wash, tonsil tissue - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.3 | ||||||
Actinomyces canis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and dogs | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Actinomyces dentalis | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Produces acetic and lactic acids from glucose fermentation. | clinical sources (dental abscess) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 62 | ||||
Actinomyces georgiae | 1 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and human gingival crevices | Lagier2012b, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplobacilli | No spore | 65-69 | |||||
Actinomyces gerencseriae | Actinomyces israelii serotype II | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human gingival crevices, abcesses and other clinical specimens | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 70-71 | ||||
Actinomyces graevenitzii | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and human clinical specimens (sputum, abscess - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Actinomyces ihuae | Actinomyces ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | stool sample of an HIV-infected man, France | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Actinomyces israelii | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (tooth infection, abscess, jaw infection - CCUG; appendicitis) and human gastrointestinal tract (Hansen2009) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | ||||||
Actinomyces johnsonii | Rare | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | healthy gingival crevice | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67 | ||||||
Actinomyces marseillensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (Fonkou2018) and sputum | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.1 | |||||||
Actinomyces massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human blood | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Actinomyces mediterranea | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the stomach, duodenum and human faeces (CCUG) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Actinomyces minihominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Actinomyces naeslundii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (plaque, blood, sinus) | Finegold1977, Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 66 | ||||
Actinomyces oris | Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, oral plaque - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | No spore | 66 | ||||||
Actinomyces pacaensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | sputum, France | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Spore reported | |||||||
Actinomyces polynesiensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human gut (Cimmino2016) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 70.8 | ||||||
Actinomyces provencensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2017) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Acidothermaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Exospore | |||||||
Actinomyces sp. ph3 | Actinomyces grossensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | Sessile | No spore | 56.0 | |||||||
Actinomyces timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a clinical osteo-articular specimen | Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Actinomyces urogenitalis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources (cervix, vagina, urine, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | Favier2002, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61 | ||||
Actinomyces viscosus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 17% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, mouth, lesion - CCUG) and rats | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | No spore | |||||
Actinosynnema mirum | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and inability to grow at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | river grass blades, USA | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||
Actinotignum schaalii | Actinobaculum schaalii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (26-yr-old healthy woman - CCUG) and clinical sources (blood and urine - CCUG) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57 | |||||
Acutalibacter muris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse caeca | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Rod | 54.6 | ||||||||
Acutalibacter timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 35% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Ruminococcaceae | |||||||||||||
Adhaeribacter aquaticus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe suggests it is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a potable water biofilm | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Hymenobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.0 | |||||
Adlercreutzia caecimuris | Enterorhabdus caecimuris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caecal suspensions of mice | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.5 | 0.5(neg) | ||||
Adlercreutzia equolifaciens | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces equol (an isoflavandiol aestrogen) from isoflavones. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017), human and rat intestine | Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 64 | 20(neg) | ||
Adlercreutzia equolifaciens subsp. celatus | Asaccharobacter celatus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces , and isolated from the caecal content of a rat | RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | No spore | 63 | 20(+) | ||||
Adlercreutzia hattorii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't produce equol and is asaccharolytic. | human faeces (Sakamoto2021) | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.0 | 20(w) | ||||
Adlercreutzia mucosicola | Enterorhabdus mucosicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | ileal mucosa of mouse and has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.2 | 0.5(neg) | ||||
Adlercreutzia rubneri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to metabolise resveratrol (an antioxidant and antimicrobial). | human faeces (Stoll2021a) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 63.3 | 2(+) | |||||
Aeribacillus pallidus | Bacillus pallidus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and heat-treated sewage sludge | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39-41 | ||||
Aerococcus vaginalis | Non | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | a cow vagina | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 44.7 | 2(neg) | |||||
Aerococcus viridans | Pediococcus urinaeequi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, dog faeces, and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG) | Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | d | |||
Aeromicrobium massiliense | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 72.49 | ||||||
Aeromicrobium tamlense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dried seaweed | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 72.7 | |||||
Aeromonas allosaccharophila | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, including diarrheic stools | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.5 | |||||
Aeromonas bestiarum | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), animals and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Aeromonas caviae | Pseudomonas caviae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), sewage, animals and aquatic sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61-63 | ||
Aeromonas dhakensis | Aeromonas aquariorum | 1 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (diarrhoea - Huys2002) and clinical sources (wound - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Aeromonas encheleia | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | freshwater eels | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.4-60.8 | |||
Aeromonas enteropelogenes | Aeromonas trota | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and appendix | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||
Aeromonas eucrenophila | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), fresh uncontaminated brooks and Rivers | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.8-62.6 | ||||
Aeromonas hydrophila | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. Can reduce Fe(III) with glycerol as a donor. | human faeces (CCUG, Pitarangsi1982), clinical sources (wound, blood - CCUG), fresh and marine waters and animals | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58-62 | |||
Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Aeromonas jandaei | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), clinical specimens (wound -CCUG) and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58.1-61.1 | ||||
Aeromonas media | 1 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, diarrheal disease and aquatic sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | AER | vr | Rod | No spore | 62.3 | |||||
Aeromonas popoffii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | drinking water | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57.7-59.6 | ||||
Aeromonas salmonicida | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Could be a mesophilic form of A. salmonicida detected by Lagier(2016). Likely to be sessile. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57-59 | ||||
Aeromonas schubertii | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Mannitol-negative fermentation. Unlikely gut coloniser. | clinical sources (abscess, blood, wound, drainage) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Aeromonas sobria | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), fish, sewage and water | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58-60 | ||||
Aeromonas taiwanensis | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources (wound) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.8 | ||||||
Aeromonas tecta | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Aeromonas trota | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, including pediatric diarrhoea | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Aeromonas veronii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), including diarrhoea, animals and aquatic sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Aeromonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57-58 | ||||
Aestuariimicrobium kwangyangense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | oil-contaminated tidal flats in Korea | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 68.8-69.2 | |||||
Afipia birgiae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 35C or above, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and water sources | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | No spore | 59.3 | |||||
Afipia broomeae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.5 | |||||
Afipia lausannensis | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | intracellular associations with amoeba isolated from hospital water networks | Frank2007, McLaughlin2010 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Africanella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Agathobacter ruminis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen fluid of sheep | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41-42 | ||||||
Agathobaculum butyriciproducens | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Ahn2016) | Zou2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52.9 | |||||
Agathobaculum desmolans | Eubacterium desmolans | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 39% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and cat faeces | Mangin2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.5 | 20(+) | ||
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental surfaces of humans and clinical sources (brain abscess, UTI, periodontitis) | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 42.7 | |||
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus | Haemophilus aphrophilus | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, dental and clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42 | ||||
Aggregatibacter segnis | Haemophilus segnis | 2 | Minor | Unknown | Opportunistic Infection | the appendix (CCUG), pharynx, saliva and dental plaque | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43-44 | ||||
Agrilactobacillus composti | Lactobacillus composti | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | compost of distilled shochu residue | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47 | ||||
Agrobacterium radiobacter | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 27C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | soil, plants and human faeces | Walker2011 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57-63 | ||||
Agrobacterium rhizogenes | 1 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temp of 25-28C suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, plant rhizospheres, young gall tissues, and hairy roots of many plant species | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59-63 | |||
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | plants and plant diseases | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57-63 | |||||
Agrococcus casei | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | ripening cheese | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 65.0 | ||||||
Agrococcus jejuensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and dried seaweed | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 73 | |||||
Agrococcus jenensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, soil and land surfaces | Hoyles2012, Lagier2016, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 74 | |||||
Agrococcus terreus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | forest soil and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 75.9 | |||||
Akkermansia glycaniphila | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can use mucin as a sole C and N source. | faeces of reticulated python | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Verrucomicrobia | Verrucomicrobiae | Akkermansiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 58.2 | |||||
Akkermansia muciniphila | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | This organism might not be picked up in all microbiome surveys as the conventional probes used often don't bind well to its DNA. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Verrucomicrobia | Verrucomicrobiae | Akkermansiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 55.8 | |||
Alcaligenes faecalis | Bordetella avium | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (wound, urine - CCUG) and eutrophic water | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||
Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis | Bordetella avium | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG), soil, water and clinical sources | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56-59 | |||
Aliagarivorans marinus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | coastal seawater, Taiwan | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Alteromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52-53 | ||||||
Aliarcobacter butzleri | Campylobacter butzleri | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (diarrhoea), animals and water sources | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Arcobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 28-31 | |||||
Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus | Campylobacter cryaerophila | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces and animals | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Arcobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 31 | |||||
Aliarcobacter skirrowii | Arcobacter skirrowii | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Carbohydrates are not fermented or oxidised. | a lamb with diarrhoea | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Arcobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 29.0 | 1(neg) | |
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius | Bacillus acidocaldarius | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | acidic thermal terrestrial and aqueous environments, including fruit juices | New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Alicyclobacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 61.2-62.2 | ||||
Aliiruegeria sabulilitoris | Pseudoruegeria sabulilitoris | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Mg2+ ions are required for growth. Doesn't grow at 37C, so unlikely gut coloniser. | seashore sand, Korea | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 64.1 | ||||
Alistipes communis | Bacteroidales bacterium ph8 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese patient - Sakamoto2020) | Lagier2016, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.5 | 20(+) | ||||
Alistipes dispar | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2020) | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 61.3 | 20(+) | |||||
Alistipes finegoldii | Mixed | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical specimens (appendix, abscess, blood - CCUG) | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.6 | 20(+) | ||
Alistipes ihumii | Alistipes marseilloanorexicus | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 92% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.9 | ||||
Alistipes indistinctus | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 55.2 | 20(neg) | |||||
Alistipes inops | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Shkoporov2015) | Forster2019, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.6 | 20(neg) | |||||
Alistipes marseilloanorexicus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | ||||||||
Alistipes massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Lagier2016, Minerbi2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | No spore | ||||||||||
Alistipes megaguti | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bellali2019) | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.6 | ||||||
Alistipes montrealensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (colitis/cancer patient) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.2 | R | |||||
Alistipes obesi | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (obese patient) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Jeong2021, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58.6 | |||||
Alistipes onderdonkii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abdominal abscess - CCUG) | Frank2007, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58 | 20(+) | |||
Alistipes onderdonkii subsp. vulgaris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical sources (abdominal abscess) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58 | 20(+) | ||||||
Alistipes provencensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 58.3 | ||||||
Alistipes putredinis | Bacteroides putredinis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (appendicitis, abscess, blood) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1989, Mangin2004, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.3 | 20(neg) | ||
Alistipes senegalensis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Alistipes shahii | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical specimens (appendix, urine) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.6 | 20(+) | ||
Alistipes timonensis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 89% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.82 | 20(+) | ||||
Alkalibacillus halophilus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires high salt (min 5%) and can grow in 30% salt, so unlikely gut coloniser. | hypersaline soil in China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39 | ||||||
Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus | Bacillus alcalophilus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | No growth at pH7 so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Attie2014) and lake sediment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.2–38.4 | |||
Alkalihalobacillus gibsonii | Bacillus gibsonii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Tolerates up to 9% salt. | soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Short Rod | Endospore | 41.1 | ||||
Alkalihalobacillus halodurans | Bacillus halodurans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43.2 | ||||
Alkalihalobacillus oshimensis | Bacillus oshimensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Assumed to utilise glucose. Requires sodium for growth. High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | soil from Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 40.8 | |||
Alkaliphilus metalliredigens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can grow in the presence of 10mM sodium borate. Yeast can be used as an electron donor and Fe(III), Co(III) or Cr(VI) as electron acceptors. | borate-enriched leachate ponds, USA | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Alkaliphilus oremlandii | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to reduce As(V) and thiosulfate (electron acceptors). No growth at or below pH 7.5 suggests it is not a gut coloniser | polluted river sediments, USA | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.1 | ||||||
Alkaliphilus transvaalensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires high pH (minimum 8.5) suggest it is not a gut coloniser | an ultra-deep gold mine under extreme alkaline conditions | PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 36.4 | ||||
Alkanindiges illinoisensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Only hydrocarbons and Tween surfactants support good growth. Able to degrade squalene. | crude oil-contaminated soil | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Allisonella histaminiformans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and cow rumen | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 46.8 | ||||
Allobaculum fili | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (UC patient) | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichales | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | 50.5 | |||||||
Allobaculum mucilyticum | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Mucin-degrading bacterium | human faeces (UC patient) | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichales | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | 48.6 | ||||||
Alloprevotella rava | Prevotella sp. oral taxon 302 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Probably an oral commensal that passes through the GI tract. | oral cavity | Byrd2020, De2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47 | 20(neg) | |||
Alloprevotella tannerae | Prevotella tannerae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and gingival crevices | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.6 | ||||
Alloscardovia omnicolens | Bifidobacterium urinalis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 32% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, cervix - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47-48 | |||
Alteracholeplasma palmae | Acholeplasma palmae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cholesterol or serum is not required for growth. | plant surfaces | Byrd2020, New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Acholeplasmataceae | unk | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30.0 | |||
Alterileibacterium massiliense | Ileibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Crohn's) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.9 | ||||||
Amaricoccus kaplicensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 56 | ||||
Amedibacillus dolichus | Eubacterium dolichum | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ikeyama2020) | Woodmansey2004, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichales | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.1 | 20(+) | |||
Amedibacterium intestinale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ikeyama2020) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33.9 | 20(+) | |||||
Aminipila butyrica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't utilise carbohydrates. | a methanogenic reactor treating cattle waste, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 44.7 | |||||
Aminipila terrae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fermentation products from glucose are glycolic and glyceric acids. | the Geum river sediment, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Rod | 37.0 | |||||||
Aminomonas paucivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Asaccharolytic but yeast extract is required for growth. | a dairy wastewater treatment plant, Colombia | New2022, Zeller2014 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 43 | ||||
Ammonifex degensii | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cannot grow when temperatures drop below 57C, so likely not a gut coloniser. | a solfataric spring, Indonesia | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermoanaerobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54 | ||||
Amycolatopsis alba | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces a new glycopeptide antibiotic related to vancomycin. | soil | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||
Amycolatopsis mediterranei | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 67-69 | |||||
Amycolatopsis thailandensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Thailand | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 67 | ||||||
Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | The metabolites Vancoresmycin and Homorifamycin are produced. | soil, India | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | ||||||
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens | 2 | human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and animals | Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Succinivibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 44 | ||||
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, diarrhoea) and animals | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Succinivibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 39-42 | ||||
Anaerobutyricum hallii | Eubacterium hallii | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Walker2011, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 38 | |||
Anaerobutyricum soehngenii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (infant - Shetty2018) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | 38.6 | ||||||||
Anaerococcus hydrogenalis | Peptostreptococcus hydrogenalis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (vaginal discharges, ovarian abscesses and atherosclerotic plaques) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 31 | |||
Anaerococcus jeddahensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Dione2018) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29.8 | ||||||
Anaerococcus lactolyticus | Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | vaginal discharges and ovarian abscesses | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30-34 | |||
Anaerococcus marasmi | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (child with marasmus - Tall2020) | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.4 | |||||||
Anaerococcus mediterraneensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | a woman with bacterial vaginosis | New2022 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | ANA | Rod | |||||||||
Anaerococcus murdochii | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (probably transient) and clinical sources (ulcer) | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Anaerococcus obesiensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Anaerococcus octavius | Peptostreptococcus octavius | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical specimens (nasal, vagina, blood, skin) | Dubourg2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Streptococci | No spore | 26-31 | |||
Anaerococcus prevotii | Peptostreptococcus prevotii | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (abscesses) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 29-33 | ||||
Anaerococcus provencensis | Anaerococcus provenciensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lagier2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Anaerococcus rubeinfantis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (infant suffering from kwashiorkor - Alou2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29.5 | ||||||
Anaerococcus senegalensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and vagina | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 28.6 | ||||||
Anaerococcus tetradius | Peptostreptococcus tetradius | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | vaginal discharges and ovarian abscesses | Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | 30-32 | |||
Anaerococcus vaginalis | Peptostreptococcus vaginalis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, vaginal discharges and ovarian abscesses | Mangin2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Streptococci | No spore | 30-34 | ||||
Anaerocolumna aminovalerica | Clostridium aminovalericum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, calf rumen, sewage sludge, urine and animal faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 33 | 20(neg) | |||
Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Slightly alkaliphilic. | a methanogenic reactor | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.1 | |||||
Anaerocolumna chitinilytica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Short Rod | Endospore | 38.3 | ||||||
Anaerocolumna sedimenticola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the sediment of the Geum River, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 36.7 | ||||||
Anaerocolumna xylanovorans | Clostridium xylanovorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | deGoffau2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40 | |||||
Anaerofilum pentosovorans | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and a bioreactor | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55 | |||||
Anaerofustis stercorihominis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Rod | No spore | 70 | 20(+) | |||||
Anaeroglobus geminatus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 18% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | gastrointestinal tract (Carlier2002), a wound (CCUG) and mouth | Lagier2016, Chung2019, Byrd2020, Jeong2021, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 51.8 | |||
Anaeromassilibacillus senegalensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (child with kwashiorkor) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Anaerorhabdus furcosa | Bacteroides furcosus | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34 | ||||
Anaerosalibacter bizertensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | discarded motor oil and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 31.1 | ||||||
Anaerosalibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Dione2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29.7 | ||||||
Anaerosphaera massiliensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Takakura2019a) | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | 28.1 | |||||||||
Anaerospora hongkongensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Relatively inert biochemically. | clinical sources (bacteremia) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Sporomusaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 46.8 | |||||
Anaerostipes butyraticus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 44 | ||||||
Anaerostipes caccae | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46 | |||||
Anaerostipes coli | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Anaerostipes hadrus | Eubacterium hadrum | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Frank2007, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32-33 | 20(+) | ||
Anaerostipes hominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | From a patient with Crohn's disease. Produces butyrate, propionate, oxaloacetate and fumarate from fermentation. | human faeces (Lee2021) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 43.5 | + | ||||||
Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human gastrointestinal tract (Bui2014) | Lagier2016, Yang2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 44.5 | ||||||
Anaerostipes rhamnosus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Anaerotignum faecicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Choi2019) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.3 | |||||||
Anaerotignum lactatifermentans | Clostridium lactatifermentans | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 95% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces, and caeca of a chicken | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Jeong2021, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.6 | |||
Anaerotignum neopropionicum | Clostridium neopropionicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | anoxic digester sludge | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 34.5 | ||||
Anaerotignum propionicum | Clostridium propionicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | black mud. KS24 - a closely related bacterium (S16 94%) - was detected in human faeces (probably transient) | Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36 | ||||
Anaerotruncus colihominis | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abdominal fluid - CCUG) | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 54 | |||||
Anaerotruncus massiliensis | Anaerotruncus massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Succinate-producer. | human faeces (obese patient - Togo2019) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | ||||||
Anaerotruncus rubiinfantis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 75% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (girl with kwashiorkor - Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | ||||||||
Anaerovorax odorimutans | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | anoxic brackish water sediment; has been detected in human faeces | Salonen2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | vr | SANA | Rod - curved | No spore | 29.6 | ||||||
Ancylobacter polymorphus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | river mud and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Xanthobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 65.5 | |||||
Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus | Bacillus aneurinilyticus | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.9 | ||||
Aneurinibacillus migulanus | Bacillus migulanus | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and garden soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.5 | ||||
Angelakisella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the ileum of an elderly woman | Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Anoxybacillus flavithermus | Bacillus flavothermus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Weak growth at 37 degrees so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a New Zealand hotsprings | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.6 | |||
Anoxybacillus gonensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Weak growth at 37 degrees so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | Gonen hot springs, Turkey | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 57 | ||||
Anoxynatronum sibiricum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and saline carbonate lakes | PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 48.1-48.4 | |||||
Anseongella ginsenosidimutans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | Pocheon city, Republic of Korea | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 51.9 | |||||
Aquabacterium citratiphilum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | drinking water and human faeces | Aujoulat2014, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | |||||
Aquabacterium commune | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | drinking water and human faeces | Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | |||||
Aquabacterium parvum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | drinking water and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65 | |||||
Aquamicrobium lusatiense | Defluvibacter lusatiae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Mesophilic and strictly aerobic. Can degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | activated sludge | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.4 | |||
Aquincola tertiaricarbonis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Degrades t-butanol, a breakdown product of MTBE. Obligate aerobe, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | MTBE-contaminated water and human gastrointestinal tract (Wang2020) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiales genera incertae sedis | neg | SAER | Pili | Coccobacillus | No spore | 69-70.5 | ||||
Arabia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Arachnia propionica | Propionibacterium propionicum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical specimens (abscess, lachrymal duct, IUD device - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum | Corynebacterium haemolyticum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (throat, blood, wound, abscess - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50-52 | |||
Arthrobacter agilis | Micrococcus agilis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Skin commensal but can't grow at 37C. Gut transient. | soil, water and human skin | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 67-69 | |||
Arthrobacter castelli | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 68.1 | |||||
Arthrobacter citreus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | chicken faeces | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | vr | SAER | vr | Rod | No spore | |||||
Arthrobacter gandavensis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | cattle infections | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65 | |||
Arthrobacter globiformis | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Nonpathogenic and has been used in foods and bioremediation. Generally requires biotin for growth. | soil | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 62.0-65.5 | ||||
Arthrobacter koreensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil from Korea | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 63 | ||||
Arthrobacter luteolus | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Strict aerobe, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | an infected surgical wound | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | No spore | ||||||
Arthrobacter parietis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't grow well at 37C, so probably a gut transient organism. | a Roman tomb painting | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 63.8 | |||||
Arthrobacter pigmenti | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't grow well at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | a Roman tomb painting | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 61.2 | |||||
Arthrobacter russicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and space station air samples | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.5 | ||||
Asaccharospora irregularis | Clostridium irregulare | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, lesions, soil and horses | Finegold1974, PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 20(neg) | |||||
Asticcacaulis biprosthecium | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | pond water | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61 | ||||
Asticcacaulis excentricus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a freshwater pond, USA | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55-60 | |||||
Atlantibacter hermannii | Escherichia hermannii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (urine, infection - CCUG) and wastewater treatment | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 53-58 | ||||
Atopobium minutum | Lactobacillus minutus | 2 | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44 | neg | |||
Atopostipes suicloacalis | Atopostipes suicloacale | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | No growth at 33C, so not likely to be a gut coloniser. | pig manure slurry | Cassir2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 43.9 | |||
Aureimonas altamirensis | Aurantimonas altamirensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, infection, vagina - CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Aurantimonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 71.8 | |||
Aureimonas ureilytica | Aurantimonas ureilytica | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and air samples | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Aurantimonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Averyella dalhousiensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Alkhalil2017), and wounds | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Azoarcus pumilus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | seawater in Sanya, China | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Rhodocyclaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.5 | ||||||
Azospirillum lipoferum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | roots of cereal crops | New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Azospirillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 69-70 | 1(+) | ||||
Azotobacter vinelandii | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and low optimum temperature suggest it is not a gut coloniser. | soil | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Oval-shaped | No spore | ||||||
Bacilliculturomica massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Traore2017a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Bacillus altitudinis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and high altitudes | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | 43 | ||||||
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, soil and industrial fermentation | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 44.6 | ||||
Bacillus andreraoultii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a boy with kwashiorkor | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.4 | ||||||
Bacillus aneurinolyticus | Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, but produces spores. | human faeces (Aoyama1952) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.1-43.4 | ||||
Bacillus anthracis | 3 | Zoonotic pathogen | Non | Transient | Dangerous Pathogen | Causative agent of the disease anthrax. | blood, carcasses, soil and animal products | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | Endospore | 32.2-33.9 | |||
Bacillus atrophaeus | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||
Bacillus badius DSM 23T | Bacillus badius | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, food, marine sources, and dust | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43.9 | |||
Bacillus badius DSM 5610 | Bacillus badius | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, food, marine sources, and dust | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43.6 | |||
Bacillus baekryungensis | Bacillus genomospecies SW-93 | Non | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires sodium and can withstand 20% salt concentration. | seawater from Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.0 | ||||
Bacillus benzoevorans | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.3 | ||||
Bacillus caccae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017, Lo2021) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | ||||||||||
Bacillus cereus | Negative | 2 | Toxin produced | Minor | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), food and environment | Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35 | |||
Bacillus circulans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, pleura - CCUG), soil, sewage, food and infant bile | Taylor1985, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37-41 | ||||
Bacillus clausii | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | human faeces, and is used as a probiotic. Also from soil and clay | Hoyles2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 42.8-45.5 | ||||
Bacillus cytotoxicus | Negative | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | diarrhoea as a result of food poisoning (Guinebretiere2013) | King2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.8 | |||||
Bacillus dakarensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, Sarr2020) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.6 | |||||||
Bacillus endophyticus | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | plants and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | ||||
Bacillus firmus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG), soil and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.7-41.4 | ||||
Bacillus fordii | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dairy and human faeces | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.9 | ||||
Bacillus halotolerans | Brevibacterium halotolerans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and river sediment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.0 | ||||
Bacillus idriensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (sepsis) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 41.2 | |||||||
Bacillus infantis | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sepsis) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 40.8 | |||||||
Bacillus kwashiorkori | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a child with acute malnutrition | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.2 | |||||||
Bacillus licheniformis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). Probiotic. | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG), soil and other environments | Frank2007, Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 44.7-46.4 | ||
Bacillus marasmi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (child with marasmus - Pham2017a) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 38.2 | ||||||||
Bacillus massilioanorexius | Bacillus marseilloanorexicus | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 34.1 | |||||
Bacillus massiliogabonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG, Sarr2020) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.9 | |||||
Bacillus massilionigeriensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of a healthy child from Niger | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Fusiform | No spore | 36.7 | ||||||
Bacillus mediterraneensis | Bacillus massilionigeriensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | the faeces (Cadoret2017) of a healthy child, Senegal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.3 | ||||
Bacillus methanolicus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | soil, wastewater treatment systems and hotsprings | King2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 48-50 | ||||
Bacillus mojavensis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | desert soils and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43 | ||||
Bacillus mycoides | Bacillus weihenstephanensis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | 34.8-35.6 | ||||
Bacillus niameyensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2015a) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.40 | ||||||
Bacillus pakistanensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | salt mines in Pakistan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 39.1 | ||||||
Bacillus phocaeensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces (CCUG) of a child with kwashiorkor, Senegal. | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Fusiform | Endospore | 38.3 | ||||||
Bacillus pseudofirmus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, animal and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 39.0-40.8 | |||||
Bacillus pseudomycoides | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | soil | Lagier2016, Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 34-36 | ||||
Bacillus pumilus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | human faeces, food, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and other environments | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.7-41.9 | |||
Bacillus rubiinfantis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2015) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.0 | ||||||
Bacillus sinesaloumensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG, Sarr2020) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Pleiomorph rod | Endospore | 37.9 | ||||||
Bacillus siralis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | silage, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Bacillus smithii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | food and human faeces | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.7-39.7 | |||||
Bacillus sonorensis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46 | ||||
Bacillus subtilis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) | Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.9-43.1 | ||
Bacillus testis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy boy from Senegal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Unknown | 42.8 | ||||||
Bacillus thuringiensis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | human faeces and soil. Is an invertebrate pathogen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 33.8-34.3 | ||
Bacillus timonensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.3 | |||||
Bacillus tuaregi | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces (Cadoret2017) of a healthy child, Nigeria | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Fusiform | No spore | 39.4 | |||||||
Bacillus vallismortis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | desert soils, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43 | ||||
Bacillus velezensis Variant polyfermenticus | Bacillus polyfermenticus | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and river mouth | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46.4 | |||||
Bacillus wiedmannii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Psychrotolerant and cytotoxic. | raw milk | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.3 | |||||
Bacteroides acidifaciens | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 100% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | mouse caeca and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Forster2019, De2020, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.4-42.2 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides bouchesdurhonensis | Bacteroides bouchedurhonense | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 96% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Reported attributes are confusing and have been added to a limited extent. | human faeces (healthy individual - Ndongo2017c) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.8 | ||||
Bacteroides caccae | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), vagina and infection | Benno1989, Favier2002, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-42 | 20(+) | ||||
Bacteroides caecimuris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse intestine and detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.6 | ||||||
Bacteroides cellulosilyticus | Mixed | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | A common gut microbe and one that digests cellulose. | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.1 | |||
Bacteroides clarus | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, Alkhalil2017) | Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.3 | ||||||
Bacteroides congonensis | Moderate | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth. In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43.0 | |||||
Bacteroides coprosuis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig faeces | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.0-36.4 | |||||
Bacteroides cutis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 76% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | neck abcess | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Bacteroides eggerthii | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46 | + | ||||
Bacteroides faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Yu2019) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 39.5 | |||||||
Bacteroides faecichinchillae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and chinchilla faeces | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41 | + | |||||
Bacteroides faecis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 100% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.7 | neg | ||||
Bacteroides finegoldii | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.4-43.0 | + | ||||
Bacteroides fluxus | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 95% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.2 | |||||
Bacteroides fragilis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.1 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides galacturonicus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides gallinarum | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 88% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | the caecum of chickens | Forster2019, Byrd2020, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.0 | + | ||||
Bacteroides graminisolvens | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and methanogenic reactor treating cattle waste | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.5 | ||||||
Bacteroides helcogenes | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and pig faeces | Zupancic2012, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.72 | neg | |||
Bacteroides heparinolyticus | Prevotella heparinolyticus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces heparinase. | patients with periodontitis | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47-49 | 20(neg) | |
Bacteroides ihuae | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Andrieu2018) and human sputum | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39.71 | ||||||
Bacteroides ilei | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 68% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human ileum and colon (Andrieu2018) | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Fusobacterium | No spore | 45.02 | |||||
Bacteroides intestinalis | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44 | + | ||||
Bacteroides luhongzhouii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fresh faeces from healthy humans (Ge2021) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.5 | |||||||
Bacteroides luti | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | methanogenic sludge | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.4 | S | |||||
Bacteroides mediterraneensis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 87% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Andrieu2018) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 47.5 | |||||
Bacteroides ndongoniae | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 39% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human right colon (Andrieu2018); a 76-year-old woman with oesophagitis | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.7 | |||||
Bacteroides neonati | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 63% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (neonate stool - Cassir2014) | Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.5 | |||||
Bacteroides nordii | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (peritoneal fluid - CCUG) and human gut | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.4 | 20(+) | ||||
Bacteroides oleiciplenus | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.6 | |||||
Bacteroides ovatus | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Shows growth in methanol-containing media up to 12.5% (Caldwell1989). | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.9 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides pectinophilus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides propionicifaciens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a methanogenic reactor | De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.0 | 0.1(neg) | ||||
Bacteroides pyogenes | Bacteroides tectum | 2 | Animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 58% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG), and pig faeces | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.1-47.6 | neg | |
Bacteroides reticulotermitis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the gut of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.9 | S(20) | |||||
Bacteroides salyersiae | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and appendix | Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.0 | 20(+) | ||||
Bacteroides sp. Strain D8 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Gerard2007) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | 40 | ||||||||
Bacteroides stercorirosoris | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 98% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces and chinchilla faeces | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.7 | + | ||||
Bacteroides stercoris | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Song2010Bergeys) and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43-47 | 20(+) | |||
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | Positive | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Produces external peptic lyases (PL1, PL9, etc.) | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Frank2007, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, deGoffau2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42 | 20(+) | ||
Bacteroides timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.3 | ||||||
Bacteroides togonis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 68% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human gut (Andrieu2018) | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.26 | |||||
Bacteroides uniformis | Positive | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) | Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.1-47.8 | ||||
Bacteroides xylanisolvens | Bacteroides sp 2 1 16 | Positive | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, LeChatelier2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.8 | ||||
Bacteroides zhangwenhongi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fresh faeces from healthy humans (Ge2021) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.6 | |||||||
Bacteroides zoogleoformans | Prevotella zoogleoformans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Haemin is required for growth. | patients with periodontitis | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47 | 20(neg) | |||
Bariatricus massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 41% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bessis2016) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Rod | ||||||||
Barnesiella intestinihominis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | McLaughlin2010, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Barnesiellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.5 | ||||||
Barnesiella viscericola | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caeca of chickens and human faeces | King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Barnesiellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52.0 | 20(neg) | |||||
Bartonella vinsonii | Rochalimaea vinsonii | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Possible Pathogen | voles and dogs | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bartonellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.5-41 | |||
Bavariicoccus seileri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | surface of cheese | Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-39 | ||||||
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus | Positive | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | Pathogen of Gram negative bacteria. Proposed as a probiotic. Detected in the mucosa of most healthy patients, with the highest bacterial count in the duodenum where oxygen is higher than the bowel. UC patients showed an almost complete absence of this bacterium. | freshwater, terrestrial, sewage, soil and the gut | Bdellovibrionota | Bdellovibrionia | Pseudobdellovibrionaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 50.4 | |||||
Beduinella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Beduinellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Beduini massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Mourembou2015) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.9 | ||||||
Beduinibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Christensenellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||||||
Belnapia soli | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil sample and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Acetobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 72.1 | ||||||
Berryella intestinalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't utilise carbohydrates. | the ileal content of a pig, USA | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | Short Rod | No spore | 63.6 | |||||||
Bhargavaea beijingensis | Bacillus beijingensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 53.1 | |||||
Bhargavaea cecembensis | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | deep sea sediment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59.5 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Produces GABA (Sahab2020). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | ||
Bifidobacterium aerophilum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a cotton-top tamarin | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.3 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium angulatum | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Moore1995 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59.0 | |||||
Bifidobacterium animalis | Bifidobacterium lactis | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG), faeces of chickens, rats, and rabbits, and sewage | Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60 | ||
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis | Bifidobacterium lactis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Tolerates up to 10% oxygen. | fermented milk, animal faeces, sewage and human faeces | Lagier2016, King2019, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Wang2018, LeChatelier2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 61.0 | |||
Bifidobacterium asteroides | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | CO2 required for growth. | honeybee gut | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 59 | ||||
Bifidobacterium avesanii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a cotton-top tamarin | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.1 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium biavatii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a red-handed tamarin | Byrd2020, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.1 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium bifidum | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | B. bifidum produces an alpha-L-fucosidase that attacks HMOs and allows further hydrolysis of the oligosaccharide. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (Sanz2007, Nouioui2018) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pandey2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.7 | |||
Bifidobacterium boum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.0 | |||||
Bifidobacterium breve | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Benno1984, Favier2002, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pandey2012, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||
Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an emperor tamarin | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 60.9 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium catenulatum | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 54.7 | |||||
Bifidobacterium catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense | Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56-59 | ||||
Bifidobacterium choerinum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't require CO2 for growth. | in the faeces of piglets and sewage | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 66.3 | ||||
Bifidobacterium coryneforme | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | ||||||
Bifidobacterium cuniculi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rabbit faeces | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 64.1 | |||||
Bifidobacterium dentium | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | dental caries, human faeces (Sanz2007) and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | ||||
Bifidobacterium eulemuris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a black lemur faeces, Italy | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.3 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium faecale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Choi2014) | Zou2019, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.6 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium gallicum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61 | |||||
Bifidobacterium imperatoris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.1 | |||||||
Bifidobacterium indicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the intestine of Apis cerana subsp. indica from Malaysia. | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 60 | |||||
Bifidobacterium lemurum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a ring-tail lemur | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 57.2 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Bifidobacterium infantis | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 83% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Sanz2007) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Pandey2012, Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Wang2018 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.5 | |||
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Bifidobacterium longum | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61 | |||
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | Bifidobacterium suis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Riboflavin required for growth. | the faeces of piglets | Woodmansey2004 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 62 | |||
Bifidobacterium merycicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 59 | |||||
Bifidobacterium minimum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | sewage | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | ||||||
Bifidobacterium mongoliense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Known to temporarily colonise the human gut through the ingestion of parmesan cheese. Unlikely long-term gut coloniser. | human faeces, and fermented mare's milk | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.1-61.9 | |||||
Bifidobacterium moukalabense | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of wild west lowland gorilla | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.1 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium myosotis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of the common marmoset | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 65.1 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (Sanz2007) | Favier2002, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.5 | |||
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019, Li2019b | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum | Bifidobacterium globosum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and animal faeces | Moore1974, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 64.5 | ||||
Bifidobacterium pullorum subsp. gallinarum | Bifidobacterium gallinarum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caeca of chickens. Also from human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 65.7 | ||||
Bifidobacterium pullorum subsp. saeculare | Bifidobacterium saeculare | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a rabbit | Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 63 | ||||
Bifidobacterium ramosum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a cotton-top tamarin | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.0 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium reuteri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of a common marmoset | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 61.3 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium ruminantium | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 70% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, and rumen of cattle | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57 | ||||
Bifidobacterium saguini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a red-handed tamarin, South Africa | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 57.3 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium scardovii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 27% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.1 | |||
Bifidobacterium stellenboschense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a red-handed tamarin, South Africa | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 66.3 | ||||||
Bifidobacterium subtile | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Non-proteolytic. | sewage and caries lesions | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.5 | ||||
Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and an anaerobic digester | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.4-58.3 | |||||
Bifidobacterium thermophilum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59.7 | ||||
Bifissio spartinae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidetes incertae sedis | neg | No spore | |||||||||||
Bilophila wadsworthia | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Desulfobacterota | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 39-40 | 20(+) | |||
Bittarella massiliensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 90% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | |||||||
Blastococcus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Geodermatophilaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Blastomonas natatoria | Blastobacter natatorius | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and freshwater | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Club rod | No spore | 65 | ||||
Blautia brookingsii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ghimire2020) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 44.1 | |||||||
Blautia caecimuris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse faeces | Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Unknown | 43.0 | ||||||
Blautia coccoides | Clostridium coccoides | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogen. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and caecum of mice | Benno1984, Benno1986, McLaughlin2010, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 43-45 | 20(w) | ||
Blautia faecicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Kim2020) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 44.7 | |||||||
Blautia faecis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 41.6 | ||||||
Blautia glucerasea | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Ferments pectin and fructo-oligosaccharides | human faeces, and dog faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.7 | |||||
Blautia hansenii | Ruminococcus hansenii | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Finegold1977, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 44-45 | ||||
Blautia hominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Shin2018) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 46.3 | 20(+) | |||||
Blautia hydrogenotrophica | Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogen. | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 45.2 | ||
Blautia intestinalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | from a stool specimen from an autistic child | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 42.4 | |||||||
Blautia liquoris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a mud fermentation cellar, China | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Blautia luti | Ruminococcus luti | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 43.3 | ||||
Blautia marasmi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Coccus | ||||||||||
Blautia massiliensis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 100% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 44.0 | |||||
Blautia obeum | Ruminococcus obeum | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 40-41 | vr | ||
Blautia phocaeensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Coccus | Endospore | |||||||
Blautia producta | Ruminococcus productus | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | aka peptostreptococcus productus. Can reduce carbon monoxide. Homoacetogens. | human faeces and septicemia | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Moore1995, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 43-45 | ||
Blautia provencensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Coccus | ||||||||||
Blautia pseudococcoides | Blautia coccoides strain YL58 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mice | Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 43-45 | |||||
Blautia schinkii | Ruminococcus schinkii | 1 | Rare | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | Walker2011 found a related species in human faeces, but is likely an uncharacterised species. Homoacetogen. | rumen. Presence in the human gut is not clear | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46–47 | |||
Blautia stercoris | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, De2020, Yang2020, Jeong2021, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.6 | ||||||
Blautia wexlerae | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 100% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Dubourg2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Bordetella bronchiseptica | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | Few isolates from humans; likely a gut non-coloniser | the respiratory systems of animals and humans | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 67-69 | |||
Bordetella hinzii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, chicken sources, and clinical sources | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65-67 | |||
Bordetella trematum | 2 | Non | Non-commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources (ear infections, blood, wounds) | Pandey2012, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65 | |||||
Bosea massiliensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | hospital water supply and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Boseaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.7-67.9 | |||||
Brachybacterium conglomeratum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | corn steep liquour | PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70.2-71.6 | |||||
Brachybacterium faecium | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 20-30C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | poultry deep litter | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 68-71.5 | ||||
Brachybacterium ginsengisoli | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil in Korea | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | 71 | ||||||
Brachybacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Mekhalif2019) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70.7 | ||||||
Brachybacterium muris | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | lab mice | Hu2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | ||||||
Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 68.6 | |||||
Brachymonas chironomi | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | midge egg, Israel | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 60.0 | |||||
Brachyspira aalborgi | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and human colon | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Brachyspiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 27.1 | |||
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae | Treponema hyodysenteriae | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cholesterol is required and is reduced to cholestanol. | the faeces of pigs and other mammals | Cassir2015, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Brachyspiraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 25-26 | ||
Brachyspira pilosicoli | Serpulina pilosicoli | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | human faeces, and pig intestine | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Brachyspiraceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 24.6 | ||
Bradyrhizobium denitrificans | Blastobacter denitrificans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, plant endosymbiotic, and clinical sources | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Bradyrhizobium elkanii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and plant endosymbiotic origin | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Bradyrhizobium ganzhouense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Reported to not 'grow' on glucose, but apparently utilises it as a sole carbon source. Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | the nodules of an Acacia sp | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.6 | |||||
Bradyrhizobium icense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and root nodules | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.9 | |||||
Bradyrhizobium japonicum | Rhizobium japonicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and plant endosymbiotic origin | RajilicStojanovic2014, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61-65 | ||||
Bradyrhizobium neotropicale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and root nodules | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Bradyrhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.9 | ||||||
Brassicibacter mesophilus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | wasterwater | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermohalobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 28.2 | ||||||
Brenneria populi Li et al. 2015 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | tree cankers | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pectobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.9-55.7 | ||||||
Brevibacillus agri | Bacillus agri | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil, water and clinical specimens | Hoyles2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53 | ||
Brevibacillus borstelensis | Bacillus borstelensis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, soil and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50-52 | ||||
Brevibacillus brevis | Bacillus brevis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, soil and dust | Taylor1985, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47-51.9 | ||
Brevibacillus centrosporus | Bacillus centrosporus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (child - Logan2011bBergey), clinical sources (respiratory lavage, blood), spinach and seagrass | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49-51 | |||
Brevibacillus choshinensis | Bacillus choshinensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soils from Japan | Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48.2-50.5 | ||||
Brevibacillus formosus | Bacillus formosus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, pig faeces compost and chicken faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46.8-47.2 | |||
Brevibacillus laterosporus | Bacillus laterosporus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | soil, tap water, insects, food and clinical sources (eye infection) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40 | |||
Brevibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53.1 | ||||||
Brevibacillus parabrevis | Bacillus parabrevis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources and cheese | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51-52 | ||
Brevibacillus thermoruber | Bacillus thermoruber | 1 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | compost, human faeces (CCUG) and clinical specimens (blood - CCUG) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 57 | ||||
Brevibacterium aurantiacum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 24-26C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | cheese | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 60.1-64.3 | ||||
Brevibacterium casei | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | cheese, milk, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 66.2-67.2 | ||||
Brevibacterium celere | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | decaying brown algae | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 61.4 | |||||
Brevibacterium epidermidis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human skin and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 63.4 | ||||
Brevibacterium ihuae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Brevibacterium iodinum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | cheese and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 63 | ||||
Brevibacterium linens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temp is low (20-25C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 60-64 | ||||
Brevibacterium luteolum | Brevibacterium lutescens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Unknown | Rare Opportunist | Produces methanethiol. | human and environmental samples | Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 68.8 | ||
Brevibacterium mcbrellneri | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe suggests it is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | genital hair | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 63 | ||||
Brevibacterium otitidis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (ear infection, cyst) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | |||||
Brevibacterium paucivorans | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human sources | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 55.8 | |||||
Brevibacterium pityocampae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and caterpillars | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.8 | ||||||
Brevibacterium ravenspurgense | Brevibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, wound, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Brevibacterium samyangense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and beach sand sediment | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 70.7 | |||||
Brevibacterium sanguinis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood, aspirate) | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 69.9 | |||||
Brevibacterium senegalense | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Brevibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 70.0 | |||||
Brevundimonas aurantiaca | Caulobacter henricii subsp. aurantiacus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Vibrio | No spore | 67 | |||||
Brevundimonas bacteroides | Caulobacter bacteroides | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | ||||
Brevundimonas bullata | Mycoplana bullata | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66-68 | ||||
Brevundimonas diminuta | Pseudomonas diminuta | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, urine - CCUG) | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66-68 | ||||
Brevundimonas intermedia | Caulobacter intermedius | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows a stalk (prostheca). Requires biotin. | pond water | McLaughlin2010 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 66 | |||
Brevundimonas nasdae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.5 | |||||
Brevundimonas terrae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and alkaline soil | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.8 | |||||
Brevundimonas vesicularis | Pseudomonas vesicularis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wounds, vagina, pleural liquid - CCUG) and human faeces | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65-66 | |||
Brochothrix thermosphacta | Microbacterium thermosphactum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows poorly at 37C, so unlikely a gut coloniser. | human faeces | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38 | |||
Brucella anthropi | Ochrobactrum anthropi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (infection, blood, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG - as Ochrobactrum anthropi) | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56-59 | ||
Brucella cytisi | Ochrobactrum cytisi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | root nodules | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56.4 | ||||
Brucella melitensis | Negative | 3 | Zoonotic pathogen | Non | Non-commensal | Dangerous Pathogen | humans and animals | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 58 | |||
Brucella tritici | Ochrobactrum tritici | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | wheat rhizosphere | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | No spore | 59 | ||||
Buchnera aphidicola | 1 | Non | Non-colonising | Non/unknown Pathogen | endosymbionts of aphids | De2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30 | ||||||
Bulleidia extructa | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and oral cavity | RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38 | neg | ||||
Burkholderia arboris | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (cystic fibrosis patients) and the environment | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||||
Burkholderia cepacia | Pseudomonas cepacia | 2 | Human, animal and plant pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood, urine - CCUG), and plant pathogen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.6 | |||
Burkholderia gladioli | 2 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | cystic fibrosis patients | New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.9 | ||||
Burkholderia mallei | 3 | Can be passed from animals to humans | Unlikely | Unknown | Dangerous Pathogen | Cause of glanders disease in horses and has a high mortality rate in humans if not treated. | horses (parasite) | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69 | ||||
Burkholderia multivorans | Burkholderia sp. VTT E-072683 | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | cystic fibrosis patients, a brain abscess and a flower vase | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 68-69 | ||||
Burkholderia pseudomallei | 3 | Pathogen of humans and vertebrates | Unlikely | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | soil and pathogen (malioidosis) | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.5 | ||||
Burkholderia pyrrocinia | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strains produce the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. | soil, Japan | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65 | ||||
Burkholderia vietnamiensis | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Infection | rice roots, cystic fibrosis patients and soil | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.9 | |||||
Buttiauxella agrestis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | snails and slugs, soil and drinking water | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Butyribacter intestini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36.8 | |||||||
Butyricicoccus faecihominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Takada2016) | Zou2019, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 55.6 | ||||||
Butyricicoccus porcorum | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | swine intestinal tract | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | 54 | |||||||
Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Positive | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 65% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces, and caeca of a chicken | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | 54.5 | |||||
Butyricimonas faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Roy2019) | New2022, Wang2020a | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.2 | 0-3.75(+) | |||||
Butyricimonas faecihominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017, CCUG) and blood | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.2 | 0-4.5(+) | |||||
Butyricimonas paravirosa | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017, CCUG) | Lagier2016, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.9 | 0-4.5(+) | |||||
Butyricimonas phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Togo2016) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 42.5 | ||||||
Butyricimonas synergistica | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 54% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | human faeces, and rat faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.8 | 0-3.5(+) | ||||
Butyricimonas virosa | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 81% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | rat faeces and human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.3 | 0-3.5(+) | ||||
Butyrivibrio crossotus | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 36−37 | vr | ||||
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and rumen | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 41–42 | |||||
Butyrivibrio hungatei | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41.6 | |||||
Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus | Clostridium proteoclasticum | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 28 | S | |||
Caballeronia novacaledonica | Burkholderia novacaledonica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to utilise telurite. | plant roots, New Caledonia | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Caecibacter massiliensis | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | ||||||||||||||
Caldibacillus thermoamylovorans | Bacillus thermoamylovorans | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and palm wine | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 38.8 | ||
Caldicellulosiruptor diazotrophicus | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 70C, so likely not a gut coloniser. | Nakabusa hot springs, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermoanaerobacterales Family III. Incertae Sedis | + | Short Rod | No spore | 34.8 | |||||||
Caldicoprobacter faecalis | Acetomicrobium faecalis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | The minimum temperature for growth is 55C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | sewage sludge | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Caldicoprobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 45 | ||||
Caloranaerobacter azorensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | No growth at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a deep-sea hydrothermal vent | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermohalobacteraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 27 | ||||
Campylobacter avium | Non | Unknown | Possible Pathogen | the caecal contents of chickens and turkeys | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 35 | 1(d) | |||||
Campylobacter coli | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, New2022, Zeller2014, LeChatelier2013 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Corkscrew | No spore | 31–35 | 2(d) | |
Campylobacter concisus | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and oral cavity | Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 37–41 | 2(d) | |||
Campylobacter curvus | Wolinella curva | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 43–47 | ||||
Campylobacter faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | No spore | ||||||||
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG), and human gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 33-36 | ||||
Campylobacter gracilis | Bacteroides gracilis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (dental disease - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44–46 | ||||
Campylobacter hominis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32–33 | 2(d) | ||||
Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, human gut, and animal intestines | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 33-36 | 1.5(+) | |||
Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces (young girl with diarrhoea - CCUG) | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 29 | ||||||
Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni | Campylobacter jejuni | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 30-33 | ||
Campylobacter lanienae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (VanDamme2005Bergey) | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36 | |||||
Campylobacter lari subsp. concheus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea - CCUG), an infection and shellfish | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 31-33 | ||||||
Campylobacter lari subsp. lari | Campylobacter lari | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | ||||
Campylobacter mucosalis | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig faeces. Has also been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 36-38 | ||||
Campylobacter peloridis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), clinical specimens and shellfish | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||||
Campylobacter rectus | Wolinella recta | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and dental diseases | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 42-46 | |||
Campylobacter showae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, and human dental plaque | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 44-46 | ||||
Campylobacter sputorum | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human mouth and human faeces | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 30-33 | |||||
Campylobacter troglodytis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | chimpanzee stools. Also detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 34-38 | 2(neg) | |||||||
Campylobacter upsaliensis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and animals | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 32-36 | 2(+) | |||
Campylobacter ureolyticus | Bacteroides ureolyticus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, vagina, placenta - CCUG) and human faeces | Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 28-30 | 1.5(neg) | ||
Candidatus Babela massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | intracellular commensal of amoeba, which is associated with clinical sources (eye infection) | De2020 | Candidatus Dependentiae | Candidatus Babeliae | Candidatus Babeliaceae | neg | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||||
Candidatus Dorea massiliensis | Dorea massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Candidatus Stoquefichus massiliensis | Stoquefichus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Capnocytophaga canimorsus | 2 | Pathogen of humans and vertebrates | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Mortality rate about 75% for patients with underlying disease. | a dog bite infection and septicemia | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 36 | |||
Capnocytophaga gingivalis | 2 | Non | Unknown | Possible Pathogen | Grows better in air by completely respiring glucose | oral flora | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 35-41 | ||||
Capnocytophaga granulosa | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and human dental plaque | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 41.7 | 10(neg) | ||||
Capnocytophaga leadbetteri | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | All strains cleave human IgA1 in the hinge region. | the oral cavity | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 41.3 | |||
Capnocytophaga ochracea | Bacteroides ochraceus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 38-39 | ||||
Capnocytophaga sputigena | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020, Zeller2014 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 38-40 | |||||
Capnocytophaga stomatis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | Fusiform | No spore | ||||||||||
Caproicibacter fermentans | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces caproate. | a biogas reactor | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 51.3 | |||||
Cardiobacterium hominis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, nasal cavity and clinical specimens (blood - CCUG) | Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Cardiobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 59-60 | |||||
Cardiobacterium valvarum | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | the blood of a patient with endocarditis | Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Cardiobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Carnobacterium divergens | Lactobacillus divergens | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | vacuum-packaged meats | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33.0-36.4 | ||||
Carnobacterium inhibens | Mixed | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, clinical sources (plasma, pus) and salmon | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 35.1 | ||||
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum | Lactobacillus piscicola | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanal, and 3-methylbutanol from skim milk. These compounds are probably responsible for a malt smell produced. | buttermilk | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33.7-36.4 | ||
Carnobacterium mobile | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | chicken meat | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 35.5-37.2 | |||||
Casaltella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (detected - Bilen2018) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | Rod | ||||||||||
Catenibacillus scindens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 47.1 | |||||||
Catenibacterium mitsuokai | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Coprobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36-39 | |||||
Catenulispora acidiphila | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic, optimum growth temperature of 22-28C and preferred acidity <7 suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | temperate forest soil | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Catenulisporaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 71.5 | ||||
Catonella morbi | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the gingival crevices of humans with adult periodontitis | Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34 | S(20) | ||||
Caulobacter vibrioides | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Vitamin B2 is essential for growth. Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a freshwater pond | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 64-65 | ||||
Cedecea davisae | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49-50 | |||||
Cedecea lapagei | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulcerative colitis patient), respiratory tract (throat, sputum) and ticks | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48-52 | |||||
Cedecea neteri | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulcerative colitis patient) and clinical sources (blood, wound, sputum) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Cellulomonas carbonis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 28C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | coal mine soil, China | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 74.4 | |||||
Cellulomonas composti | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to digest cellulose | compost and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 73.7 | ||||
Cellulomonas denverensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 68.5 | ||||
Cellulomonas fimi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dung | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 71.3-72.0 | |||||
Cellulomonas flavigena | Empedobacter flavigena | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can digest cellulose | soil | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 72.7-74.8 | |||
Cellulomonas hominis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Doesn't degrade cellulose | clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 73-76 | ||||
Cellulomonas massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 71.2 | |||||
Cellulomonas parahominis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Cellulomonas timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an obese patient (Ndongo2018a) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Spore reported | 72.4 | ||||||
Cellulosilyticum lentocellum | Clostridium lentocellum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces, and domestic effluent and mud | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 36 | |||
Cellulosilyticum ruminicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the rumen contents of a yak, Tibet | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 33.7 | |||||||
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces and clinical sources (CCUG) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Promicromonosporaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 74 | ||||
Centipeda periodontii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | periodontal lesions | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 52-54 | |||||
Cerasibacillus quisquiliarum | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't oxidise glucose or most common carbohydrates. Has a very high optimum growth temp (50C), so likely to be a gut non-coloniser. | decomposing kitchen refuse | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.5 | ||||
Cetobacterium somerae | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Fusobacterium | No spore | 31 | 20(+) | ||||
Chelatococcus asaccharovorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unable to grow with sugars. Strict aerobe, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | wastewater and soil | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Chelatococcaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 63.3-63.5 | ||||
Chitinophaga agri | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the soil of reclaimed land, Korea | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Chitinophagia | Chitinophagaceae | neg | AER | Rod | No spore | 46.2 | |||||||
Chlamydia trachomatis | Rickettsia trachomatis | 2 | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite that synthesises and accumulates glycogen. Survives outside the cell by producing infectious and resistant elementary bodies ('EB'). | clinical sources (sexually transmitted disease, arthritis) | Lagier2016 | Chlamydiae | Chlamydiia | Chlamydiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | |||||
Chloracidobacterium thermophilum | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cells have chlorosomes used for photosynthesis. High minimum growth temperature suggests it is not a gut coloniser | a geyser sprint, Yellowstone National Park, USA | Acidobacteria | Blastocatellia | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | Unknown | 61.3 | |||||||
Christensenella hongkongensis | Catabacter hongkongensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 27% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources and human faeces | Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Christensenellaceae | + | SANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.5-48.8 | ||||
Christensenella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2016) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Christensenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Christensenella minuta | Positive | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 52% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Christensenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 51.3 | 20(+) | |||
Christensenella timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 15% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Ndongo2016a) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Christensenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Chromobacterium violaceum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | soil and water; clinical sources (septicemic infections) | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Chromobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65-68 | ||||
Chromohalobacter japonicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires at least 5% salt to grow, so unlikely gut coloniser. | Japanese salty food | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.9 | ||||
Chromohalobacter salexigens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | salterns | Cassir2015, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64.2-66.0 | |||||
Chryseobacterium gallinarum | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a chicken pharyngeal scrape, Germany | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.3 | ||||||
Chryseobacterium gleum | Flavobacterium gleum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (vagina, sputum, wound, abdominal tap) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.6 | |||
Chryseobacterium hominis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36.5 | |||||
Chryseobacterium indologenes | Flavobacterium indologenes | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, pus, urine, pharynx) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.3-38.3 | |||
Chryseobacterium oranimense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), and milk | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Chryseobacterium taklimakanense | Planobacterium taklimakanense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | desert soil, China | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41.5 | |||||
Chryseobacterium viscerum | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | An aerobe that can't grow at 37C suggests this is a non-coloniser of the gut. | the gills and livers of five diseased rainbow trout | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.6 | |||||
Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.6 | ||||||
Citrobacter amalonaticus | Levinea amalonatica | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (ear, urine- CCUG), animals and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51-52 | ||||
Citrobacter braakii | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - high load in several ulcerative colitis patients) and animals | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citrobacter europaeus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ribeiro2017) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.0 | ||||||
Citrobacter farmeri | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | In 14% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, urine, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citrobacter freundii | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 6% of Europeans (unseenbio.com), i.e., a minor coloniser. | human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients), sewage, animals and clinical sources (blood, wound, urine - CCUG) | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-51 | |||
Citrobacter gillenii | Citrobacter genomospecies 10 | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, urine, clinical sources and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citrobacter intermedius | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Citrobacter koseri | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, urine - CCUG) and the environment | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51-52 | |||||
Citrobacter murliniae | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) and food | Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citrobacter pasteurii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea patient - Clermont2015) | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.80 | ||||||
Citrobacter portucalensis | Citrobacter sp. 30_2 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 9% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | a water well, Portugal | Byrd2020, New2022, Jie2017 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52 | ||||
Citrobacter rodentium | Citrobacter species 9 | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | rodents | Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Citrobacter sedlakii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Citrobacter werkmanii | Negative | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citrobacter youngae | Negative | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources, food, animals and soil | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Citroniella saccharovorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29.9 | |||||||
Cloacibacillus evryensis | Minor | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, and wastewater | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Jie2017, Minerbi2019 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.8 | ||||||
Cloacibacillus porcorum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Ferments mucin to formate, acetate and propionate. | human faeces (Bilen2018e), clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and pig intestines | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 55.1 | |||||
Cloacibacterium normanense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, wastewater, and human gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 31 | |||||
Clostridioides difficile | Clostridium difficile | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Causes Illness | Produces 5-aminovalerate and 2-aminobutyrate. Also appears to uniquely produce p-cresol as a breakdown product of tyrosine metabolism, which gives the diarrhoea a distinct odour. | human faeces, soil, clinical specimens (rare), and other animals | Finegold1974, Benno1984, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Pandey2012, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, LeChatelier2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28.0 | |
Clostridioides mangenotii | Clostridium mangenotii | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | Produces 5-aminovalerate and 2-aminobutyrate. | human faeces (Rainey2011fBergey), soil and marine sediments | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 31.6 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium acetobutylicum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, soil, water sources and animals | Taylor1985, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28-29 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium amazonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 31.6 | ||||||||
Clostridium amazonitimonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, Alou2018) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 30.6 | ||||||
Clostridium aminobutyricum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | swamp mud, USA | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Short Rod | Endospore | ||||||||
Clostridium aminophilum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Asaccharolytic. Sodium is essential for growth | fistulated cattle | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 52.5 | |||||
Clostridium amylolyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a upflow anaerobic blanket digestion reactor | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 33.1 | ||||||
Clostridium anorexicamassiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | ||||||||
Clostridium argentinense | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Produces phenylacetic acid as a fermentation byproduct; doesn't ferment sugars. May produce neuroparalytic toxins (botulinum toxin). Doesn't produce indole but can produce an indole derivative. | soil, amniotic fluid, autopsy specimens, blood and wounds, Argentina | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28-30 | ||||
Clostridium aurantibutyricum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey), rotting vegetation and sewage sludge | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium autoethanogenum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Ferments CO, H2 and CO2 to ethanol and acetate. | rabbit faeces | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26 | |||||
Clostridium baratii | Clostridium paraperfringens | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, human gut, and wounds | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium beijerinckii | Clostridium rubrum | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium boliviensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unpublished thus far. | human faeces and sludge, Bolivia | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | |||||||||
Clostridium bornimense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a biogas reactor | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | ANA | Rod | Rare | 29.6 | |||||||
Clostridium botulinum Gp I | Negative | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Causes Illness | Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome. | human gut, soil, food and animal intestines | Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium botulinum Gp II | Negative | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome. | human faeces, soil, marine, and animals | Finegold1974, Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27-29 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium botulinum Gp III | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome. | faeces and carcasses | Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium botulinum Gp IV | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome. | soil, human autopsy | Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium budayi | Eubacterium budayi | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, cadaver and soil | Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | ||||||
Clostridium butyricum | Positive | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, soil, clinical sources (blood, tissue - CCUG) and water sources | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27-28 | |||
Clostridium cadaveris | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (abscesses, wounds and blood - CCUG), soil and animals | Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | 20(d(neg)) | ||||
Clostridium cagae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Tall2020a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 36.6 | |||||||
Clostridium carboxidivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Consumes H2/CO2 or CO autotrophically. Cellulolytic. Homoacetogen. | settling lagoon | Lagier2016, New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Rare | 31-32 | ||||
Clostridium carnis | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey), clinical specimens, soil and putrefying meat | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | |||||
Clostridium celatum | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Benno1986, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium cellulosi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and cow manure | Salonen2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35 | ||||
Clostridium cellulovorans | Positive | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't utilise starch or proteolyse protein. | batch methanogenic fermentation | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 26-27 | |||
Clostridium chartatabidum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces, and rumen of sheep and cattle | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 31 | ||||
Clostridium chauvoei | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, soil, and various animal gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Pleiomorphic | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium cochlearium | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (wounds) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27-28 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium cocleatum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Benno1984, Benno1986, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Corkscrew | Endospore | 28-29 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium colicanis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | canine faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 37.1 | ||||||
Clostridium colinum | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | birds, and is an avian pathogen. Has been detected in human faeces | Salonen2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43 | ||||
Clostridium combesii | Eubacterium combesii | 2 | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | infections and soil, Africa | Finegold1977 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 28.1 | ||||
Clostridium culturomicium | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 32.2 | |||||||
Clostridium dakarense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lo2013) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28.0 | ||||||
Clostridium diolis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces 1,3-propanediol from glycerol. | decaying straw | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Clostridium disporicum | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile | human faeces, and rat faeces | Mangin2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 40-41 | ||||
Clostridium drakei | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can grow autotrophically with H2/CO2 or CO. Homoacetogen. | an acidic coal-mine pond, Germany | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 30-32 | ||||
Clostridium estertheticum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum growth temperature (6-8C) so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | chill-stored vacuum-packed beef | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 32.4-33.9 | ||||
Clostridium fallax | Bacillus fallax | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources and animals | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26 | 20(neg) | |
Clostridium felsineum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, rotting vegetation and soil | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Endospore | 26 | 20(neg) | |||||
Clostridium fessum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Seo2021) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48.3 | |||||||
Clostridium gasigenes | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Psychrophilic. Optimum growth temp is low (20-22C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | vacuum-packed, chilled lamb ('brown pack' spoilage) | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | Swimming | Endospore | 28.3-29.4 | ||||||
Clostridium haemolyticum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey), clinical sources and animal muscle | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-27 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium herbivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and pig intestine | Nam2008a, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38 | |||||
Clostridium hylemonae | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 48.6 | ||||
Clostridium ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Merhej2015) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26.7 | ||||||
Clostridium innocuum | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, appendix - CCUG) | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Nam2008a, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 43-44 | |||||
Clostridium intestinale | Clostridium intestinalis | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig, cattle faeces and human large intestine (Elsayed2005) | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-28 | ||||
Clostridium isatidis | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Indigo is reduced. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a woad vat | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | ||||
Clostridium jeddahense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lagier2014) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52.0 | ||||||
Clostridium jeddahitimonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 29.2 | |||||||
Clostridium kluyveri | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Caproate produced but doesn't attack carbohydrates. Prefers yeast autolysate and ethanol. | fresh water, marine muds and decaying plants | New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 30 | ||||
Clostridium leptum | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 51-52 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium magnum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogen. | anoxic freshwater sediments | De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29.1 | ||||
Clostridium malenominatum | Bacillus malenominatus | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, soil and clinical sources | Finegold1974, Taylor1985, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium manihotivorum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pulp landfill, Thailand | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 32 | ||||||
Clostridium massiliamazoniense | Clostridium massilioamazoniense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the human gut | Pfleiderer2013, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 27.6 | |||||
Clostridium massiliodielmoense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2016a) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 28.3 | ||||||
Clostridium mediterraneense | Clostridium mediterraneense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a man with diabetes | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Clostridium merdae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2018) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 45.3 | |||||||
Clostridium metallolevans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces volatile metalloids from As, Sb, Se, Te, Bi and Hg. Butyraldehyde is also a product of fermentation. | Zupancic2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | ||||||||
Clostridium methoxybenzovorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Methoxyaryl demethylation occurs. Homoacetogen. Able to use the following electron donors: methanol, sugars, lactate, methoxylated aromatics. | human faeces, and an anaerobic digester | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 44 | ||||
Clostridium methylpentosum | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Seen in 83% of subjects in study by Qin2010, but at low levels. Moderate coloniser. | human faeces | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 46 | 20(+) | ||
Clostridium minihomine | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | |||||||||
Clostridium moniliforme | Eubacterium moniliforme | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, soil and clinical samples (blood and various infections) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 20(+) | ||||
Clostridium neonatale | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Favier2002, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28.5 | ||||||
Clostridium niameyense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (anorexic person with marasmus) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 27 | ||||||
Clostridium nigeriense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2018) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28.2 | ||||||
Clostridium nitritogenes | Eubacterium nitritogenes | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, soil and clinical sources (infections) | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | ||||||
Clostridium novyi A | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (possibly transient), clinical (blood - CCUG) and animal sources | Woodmansey2004, Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium oceanicum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey) and marine sediments | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium paraputrificum | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, animal faeces and clinical sources (peritoneal fluid, wounds, and appendicitis) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26-27 | 20(+) | ||||
Clostridium pasteurianum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | vr | Rod | Endospore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium perfringens | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and human gut | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Moore1995, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 27 | ||||
Clostridium phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hosny2019) | Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 59.3 | ||||||
Clostridium polyendosporum | Anaerobacter polyendosporus | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (probably transient) and soil | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | Endospore | 29 | ||||
Clostridium polynesiense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sankar2015) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 34 | ||||||
Clostridium polysaccharolyticum | Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces and sheep rumen | Walker2011, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.6 | |||
Clostridium populeti | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces, and Poplar wood digestion | Nam2008a, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | ||||
Clostridium punense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 44.1 | |||||||
Clostridium putrefaciens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Low optimum growth temp, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, bacteriuria and rotting meat | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 22-25 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium rectalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Tall2020a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 28.1 | |||||||
Clostridium roseum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | German maize | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Clostridium saccharobutylicum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't produce riboflavin when grown in milk. Patented industrial strains used to produce solvents (acetone and butanol). | commercial solvent production | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28-32 | ||||
Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 31 | |||||
Clostridium sardiniense | Clostridium absonum | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (infants) | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Clostridium sartagoforme | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and oral cavity | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium saudiense | Clostridium saudii | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 54% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Chung2016, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | ||||
Clostridium scatologenes | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Homoacetogen. Able to use the following donors: ethanol, butanol, glycerol, sugars, methoxylated aromatics. | human faeces (undersized infants - Rainey2011aBergey) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium schirmacherense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 5-10C; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | cold lake sediment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 24 | ||||
Clostridium scindens | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Capable of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation which produces toxic secondary bile acids. These metabolites inhibit Clostridioides difficile growth. 50% of Europeans have it (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Endospore | 45 | ||||
Clostridium senegalense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26.8 | ||||||
Clostridium septicum | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, soil, animals and clinical sources (bacteremia, gas gangrene, other infections) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Endospore | 24 | ||||||
Clostridium sporogenes | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, soil, animals and clinical sources (bacteremia, wounds, abscesses and atherosclerotic plaques) | Taylor1985, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Jeong2021, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 26 | 20(d) | |||
Clostridium sporosphaeroides | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and canned food | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Benno1984, Woodmansey2004, PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | |||||
Clostridium subterminale | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, soil, animals and clinical sources (diarrhoea, rare infections) | Taylor1985, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium sulfidigenes | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pond sediment and human faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 32.3 | ||||||
Clostridium symbiosum | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, liver abscess, bowel infections) | Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46.2 | 20(neg) | ||||
Clostridium taeniosporum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Closely related to C. botulinum but doesn't produce the toxin. | lake silt, Crimea | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Clostridium tertium | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and appendix, clinical sources (blood, bowel infections, brain abscess) | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 24-26 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium tetani | Negative | 2 | Toxin produced; vaccine available, human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey), animal faeces, soil, clinical sources (wounds, infected gums, infections) | Lagier2016, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 25-26 | 20(neg) | ||
Clostridium thermarum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | hot springs, China | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.3-36.6 | ||||||
Clostridium thermobutyricum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | horse manure compost containing straw and wood shavings | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37 | |||||
Clostridium thiosulfatireducens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | upflow anerobic sludge blanket digestors | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 31.4 | |||||
Clostridium transplantifaecale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Virtually all 50 carbohydrates tested (API50) were positive; this result is rather surprising. | human faeces (Clostridioides difficile infection) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | 48.1 | |||||||
Clostridium tyrobutyricum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Taylor1985, Benno1986, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28 | 20(neg) | |||
Clostridium vincentii | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 31C or above. In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces, and low-temperature anaerobic sediment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 33 | ||||
Clostridium viride | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and anaerobic sewage sludge | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | Unknown | 41.5 | |||||
Colibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Anani2019) | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50.2 | |||||||
Colidextribacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human colon and human faeces (obese patient - Ricaboni2016c) | De2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Coccus | No spore | ||||||||
Collinsella aerofaciens | Eubacterium aerofaciens | Positive | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 60-61 | |||
Collinsella bouchesdurhonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 26% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.9 | |||||
Collinsella ihumii | Collinsella ihuae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy volunteer) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.1 | |||||
Collinsella intestinalis | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.4 | |||||
Collinsella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Padmanabhan2014) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.8 | ||||||
Collinsella phocaeensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Byrd2020, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Collinsella provencensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Collinsella stercoris | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | |||||
Collinsella tanakaei | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.8 | 20(+) | |||||
Collinsella vaginalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the vagina | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Comamonas aquatica | Aquaspirillum aquaticum | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | water sources | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.8-66.7 | ||||
Comamonas denitrificans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and activated sludge | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.4-60.8 | |||||
Comamonas kerstersii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, appendix - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.7-63.3 | |||||
Comamonas koreensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Non-fermentative. | a wetland sample, Korea | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66 | ||||
Comamonas terrigena | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG), soil, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.7-63.3 | ||||
Comamonas testosteroni | Pseudomonas testosteroni | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Metabolises testosterone. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.0-62.1 | ||
Comamonas thiooxydans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Utilises thiosulfate as an electron acceptor. | sulfur spring sediment | Pandey2012, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.4 | |||||
Companilactobacillus alimentarius | Lactobacillus alimentarius | Positive | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and food (meat, fish, sourdough) | MacFarlane2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36–37 | |||
Companilactobacillus farciminis | Lactobacillus farciminis | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | raw sausages and sourdough | Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34-36 | |||
Companilactobacillus mindensis | Lactobacillus mindensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and rye flour sourdough fermentation | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.5 | ||||
Companilactobacillus versmoldensis | Lactobacillus versmoldensis | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | raw fermented sausage | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.5 | |||
Conexibacter woesei | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | temperate forest soil | Frank2007, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Thermoleophilia | Conexibacteraceae | + | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 71 | |||||
Congobacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | Rod | |||||||||||
Coprobacillus cateniformis | Coprobacillus sp 29 1 | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, LeChatelier2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Coprobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32-34 | 20(neg) | |||
Coprobacter fastidiosus | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 87% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Shkoporov2013) | Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.5 | 2(+) | ||||
Coprobacter secundus | Moderate | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 73% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Shkoporov2015) | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Barnesiellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.8 | 20(+) | ||||
Coprobacter secundus subsp. similis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Barnesiellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.4 | 20(+) | |||||
Coprococcus catus | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, De2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | 41 | 20(+) | ||||
Coprococcus comes | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 40 | 20(neg) | ||
Coprococcus eutactus | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Benno1986, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 41 | ||||
Coprococcus phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Crohn's) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.2 | |||||||
Coraliomargarita akajimensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and low optimum temperature suggest it is not a gut coloniser. | sea water, Japan | Qin2012 | Verrucomicrobia | Opitutae | Puniceicoccaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 53.9 | ||||
Coriobacterium glomerans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the intestinal tracts of bugs | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 61 | |||||
Corynebacterium accolens | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (inflammatory foci, blood, wound, vaginal discharge - CCUG). Has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.2 | |||||
Corynebacterium afermentans | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, various - CCUG) and skin | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 66 | ||||
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes | Brevibacterium ammoniagenes | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | piggery waste and human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.7 | |||
Corynebacterium amycolatum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, pus, sputum, wound, other - CCUG) | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 61 | |||
Corynebacterium appendicis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Lipophilic. | an appendix and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.8 | |||
Corynebacterium argentoratense | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the throats of patients suffering from tonsillitis | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 60-61 | |||||
Corynebacterium aurimucosum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and various clinical specimens | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 63.7 | ||||
Corynebacterium bouchesdurhonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2017) and blood | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Corynebacterium bovis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Lipophilic irregular rods. | commensal on cow's udder | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 67.8-69.7 | |||
Corynebacterium callunae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fermentative, non-lipophilic. | heather | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 51.2 | ||||
Corynebacterium casei | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the surface of a smear-ripened cheese | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 51 | |||||
Corynebacterium coyleae | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, vagina - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 62-64 | ||||
Corynebacterium cystitidis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | bovine sources | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52.6-53.9 | ||||
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 | Toxin produced; vaccine available | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | vr | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52-55 | ||||
Corynebacterium doosanense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | activated sludge | Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 53.5 | ||||||
Corynebacterium durum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum, abscess, lesion - CCUT) | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 55 | ||||
Corynebacterium efficiens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces large amounts of L-glutamic acid under aerobic conditions. | soil and vegetables | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 59-60.2 | ||||
Corynebacterium falsenii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | clinical sources | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | |||||
Corynebacterium flavescens | Microbacterium flavum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | cheese (CCUG). Has also been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | vr | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 58.3 | ||||
Corynebacterium freneyi | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces and clinical sources (cervix, vagina, wound, blood - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | |||||
Corynebacterium genitalium | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | industrial sources and clinical specimens | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 62.8 | ||||||
Corynebacterium glaucum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 64.3 | |||||
Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | clinical sources (prostatitis, cervix, urine, blood, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 52-58 | ||||
Corynebacterium glutamicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces large amounts of L-glutamate under aerobic conditions. | sewage | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 55-57.7 | ||||
Corynebacterium ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Padmanabhan2014a) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.1 | ||||||
Corynebacterium jeddahense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Edouard2014) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.2 | ||||||
Corynebacterium jeikeium | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical specimens (bone marrow, blood, skin, urine, heart valve) | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pallasades | No spore | 58-61 | |||||
Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, sputum - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 62 | ||||
Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Slightly lipophilic. | clinical specimens (vaginosis) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 65 | |||
Corynebacterium lujinxingii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Zhang2021) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2–64.4 | |||||||
Corynebacterium matruchotii | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | plaque deposits in man and primates | New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 55-58 | |||||
Corynebacterium minutissimum | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, vagina - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 58 | |||||
Corynebacterium mucifaciens | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Nonlipophilic. | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Bik2006, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63-65 | ||||
Corynebacterium neomassiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetes | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.8 | |||||||
Corynebacterium otitidis | Turicella otitidis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | ear infections | Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 65-72 | ||||
Corynebacterium pacaense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bellali2019) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 63.7 | ||||||
Corynebacterium propinquum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (wound, repiratory tract - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57-59 | |||||
Corynebacterium provencense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2017) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Exospore | |||||||
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 54.9-56.8 | |||||
Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | the normal flora of the genitourinary tract | Lagier2016, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | |||||||
Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Lipophilic. | clinical sources (groin abscess) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 62 | |||||
Corynebacterium riegelii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | ||||||
Corynebacterium sanguinis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65 | ||||||
Corynebacterium simulans | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | ||||||
Corynebacterium singulare | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human semen | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pallasades | No spore | 62 | |||||
Corynebacterium stationis | Brevibacterium stationis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces (infant stools - Bernard2010), clinical sources (blood) and seawater | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.9 | |||
Corynebacterium striatum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | clinical sources (blood, wound, infection - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 57.6 | ||||
Corynebacterium suicordis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | pig clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Corynebacterium sundsvallense | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, sinus, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64 | |||||
Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Lipophilic. | clinical sources (blood, wound, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 58 | ||||
Corynebacterium ulcerans | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources (throat, wound, sinus - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 53-55 | ||||
Corynebacterium urealyticum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Lipophilic. | urine and clinical sources | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61-62 | |||
Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Corynebacterium urinapleomorphum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the urine of a baby | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 63.4 | ||||||
Corynebacterium variabile | Corynebacterium mooreparkense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | animal fodder, cheese and other food. Has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Li2019b | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 65 | |||
Corynebacterium wankanglinii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Zhang2021) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2–64.4 | |||||||
Corynebacterium xerosis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Nonlipophilic. | human faeces, clinical sources, and animal sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Corynebacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 67.3 | ||||
Crassaminicella thermophila | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 50-55C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a hydrothermal vent chimney | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 30.8 | |||||
Criibacterium bergeronii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | a vaginal sample of a woman diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | vr | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 33.8 | ||||||
Cronobacter condimenti | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | spiced meat, Slovakia | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Cronobacter muytjensii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | clinical specimens (meningitis) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57 | ||||||
Cronobacter sakazakii | Enterobacter sakazakii | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, sputum - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56.7-57 | ||||
Cronobacter turicensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical specimens (neonatal meningitis) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57 | ||||||
Cruoricaptor ignavus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a septicaemia patient, Australia | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 45.6 | ||||||
Cryptobacterium curtum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50-51 | ||||
Culturomica massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Cupriavidus metallidurans | Ralstonia metallidurans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 27C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and wastewater | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.7 | |||
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 68.3-73.7 | ||||
Cutibacterium acnes | Propionibacterium acnes | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | A significant member of the seeding microbiota that colonises the gut of C-section newborns but also found in breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Taylor1985, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59-64 | |||
Cutibacterium acnes subsp. defendens | Propionibacterium acnes subsp. defendens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | healthy skin, oral cavity and genitourinary tract | King2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 60 | |||||
Cutibacterium avidum | Propionibacterium avidum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human skin, clinical sources (abscess, wound, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Cutibacterium granulosum | Propionibacterium granulosum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Yang2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | |||||
Cytophaga hutchinsonii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 38.8 | |||||
Dakarella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | vaginal flora | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57 | ||||||
Dakotella fusiforme | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32.9 | ||||||
Dehalobacter restrictus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Dechlorinates tetra- and trichlorethane. Non-fermentative. Unlikely gut coloniser. | sediment of the Rhine River | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 45.3 | ||||
Dehalobacterium formicoaceticum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses dichloromethane as an energy and carbon source. | dichloromethane-contaminated groundwater | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | 42.7 | ||||||
Dehalococcoides mccartyi | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Hydrogenotrophic, organohalide-respiring. Reductive dehalogenation of mono- and polychlorinated and brominated aromatic compounds, alkanes and alkenes. | an anaerobic reactor, USA | Byrd2020, New2022 | Chloroflexi | Dehalococcoidia | Dehalococcoidaceae | unk | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 47-48.9 | |||||
Deinococcus aquaticus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | freshwater and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 68.3 | |||||
Deinococcus caeni | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and activated sludge | Yang2020 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 68.4 | |||||
Deinococcus geothermalis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so likely not a gut coloniser. | hotsprings | De2020, New2022 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | 65.9 | ||||
Deinococcus proteolyticus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Resistant to 1.5 Mrad of gamma radiation. | New2022, Zeller2014 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 65 | |||||
Deinococcus reticulitermitis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | termite gut, and human faeces | Yang2020 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.6 | |||||
Deinococcus wulumuqiensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and irradiated soil | Yang2020 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Deinococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 66.7 | |||||
Delftia acidovorans | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, soil, water sources and clinical samples (blood - CCUG) | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67–69 | |||||
Delftia lacustris | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | mesotrophic lake water | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.3 | |||||
Delftia tsuruhatensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and activated sludge | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 66.2 | |||||
Dellaglioa algida | Lactobacillus algidus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy children) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36.7 | ||||
Denitrobacterium detoxificans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | ruminal microbes. Has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58-60 | |||||
Dermabacter hominis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, abscess - CCUG; fatal septicaemia) and human faeces | Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62 | ||||
Dermacoccus barathri | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | deep sea sediment | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermacoccaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 66.8 | ||||
Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis | Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human skin, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermacoccaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Desemzia incerta | Brevibacterium incertum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and cicadas | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 40 | ||||
Desnuesiella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (child suffering from kwashiorkor - Hadjadj2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 32.1 | ||||||
Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans | Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans strain DCA1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Enterococcus casseliflavus is isolated with D. dichloroeliminans in a bibacterial commensal relationship. Dechlorinates 1,2-dichloromethane. | dichloroethane-contaminated groundwater | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||
Desulfitobacterium hafniense | Desulfitobacterium frappieri | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and anaerobic sewage sludge | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46-47 | |||
Desulfococcus multivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an anaerobic sewage digestor | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 57.4 | |||||
Desulfocurvibacter africanus | Desulfovibrio Africans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | well water, Libya | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 61.1 | |||||
Desulfofarcimen acetoxidans | Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't use sugars, lactate or pyruvate as electron donors. | sulfide-containing water and mud; faeces of higher animals | New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.1-41.6 | |||
Desulfomicrobium baculatum | Desulfovibrio baculatus | 1 | Unlikely | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | Sulfate reducing organism; can fix N2. | manganese oxide dumps | De2020, New2022, Qin2012 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 56.8 | |||
Desulfomicrobium orale | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | subgingival dental plaque | Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.7 | |||||
Desulforamulus reducens | Desulfotomaculum reducens | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows with Cr(VI), U(VI), Mn(IV), and Fe(III) as electron acceptors. | a shipyard, USA | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 42.3 | ||||
Desulforudis audaxviator | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | This organism contains the entire set of genes required for life in the absence of other organisms or light in one genome. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | 2.8 km below the surface of a gold mine, South Africa | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 60.9 | |||||
Desulfoscipio gibsoniae | Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fresh water | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 54.8 | |||||
Desulfosporosinus youngiae | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fe(III) and arsenate are not electron acceptors and do not support growth | a constructed wetland (acidic), USA | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | Rod - curved | Endospore | 36.6 | |||||||
Desulfotomaculum ruminis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the rumen | New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47.2 | |||||
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and polluted waters | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 55.3 | |||||
Desulfovibrio diazotrophicus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to respire sulfate using hydrogen, CO or alcohols. Can fix N2. | the human faeces (Sayavedra2021) of a healthy adult, China | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 62.1 | ||||||
Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 62 | ||||||
Desulfovibrio intestinalis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a termite hindgut | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 54.5-55.5 | ||||||
Desulfovibrio legallii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and activated sludge | Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 55 | ||||||
Desulfovibrio longreachensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the water of a free-flowing bore of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 69 | ||||||
Desulfovibrio piger | Desulfomonas pigra | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64 | 20(+) | |||
Desulfovibrio trichonymphae | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Intracellular mutualist of Trichonympha agilis protist. Suited to H2/SO4 respiration, which prevents the buildup of H2 and subsequent inhibition of the fermentation process in the hindgut. | termite gut | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | unk | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 54.8 | |||||
Desulfovibrio vulgaris | Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors | soil and water sources | Lagier2016, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 61.2 | |||
Desulfurispirillum indicum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Dissimilatory selenate- and selenite-respiring bacterium isolated from sediments collected in an estuarine channel in Chepauk in Chennai. A low optimum temperature and fastidious dietary requirements suggests it is not a gut coloniser. | an estuarine channel, India | Chrysiogenetes | Chrysiogenetes | Chrysiogenaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56.1 | ||||||
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 70C, so likely not a gut coloniser. | a deep-sea hydrothermal vent | Byrd2020, New2022 | Aquificae | Aquificae | Desulfurobacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 35 | ||||
Devosia chinhatensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated dump site | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Devosiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Devosia limi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and enriched nitrifying community | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Devosiaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Devosia riboflavina | Pseudomonas riboflavina | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Devosiaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.4 | |||
Dialister hominis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2020a) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.2 | 20(neg) | ||||
Dialister invisus | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, oral cavity and clinical sources (oral infections) | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Chung2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 45.5 | 20(neg) | ||||
Dialister massiliensis | Dialister sp. Marseille-P5638 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy volunteer, France | New2022, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.4 | |||||
Dialister micraerophilus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | clinical specimens | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.3 | |||||
Dialister pneumosintes | Bacteroides pneumosintes | 2 | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, oral cavity and clinical sources (abscesses, infections, blood) | Finegold1974, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35 | 20(neg) | |||
Dialister propionicifaciens | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical specimens (ulcer, semen, abscess, wound) | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Dialister succinatiphilus | Positive | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 51.9 | |||||
Dielma fastidiosa | Positive | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 44% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 40.0 | ||||
Dietzia cercidiphylli | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | surface-sterilised plant tissue, China | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dietziaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 72.6 | |||||
Dietzia cinnamea | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, bone - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dietziaceae | + | AER | Rod | 72.3 | ||||||
Dietzia kunjamensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | mountain soil, Himalayas, India | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dietziaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 67.0 | ||||
Dietzia maris | Rhodococcus maris | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | carp gut, soil, clinical samples (articular fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dietziaceae | + | AER | Coccus | No spore | 73 | ||||
Dietzia natronolimnaea | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an alkaline lake and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dietziaceae | + | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.1 | ||||||
Dolosigranulum pigrum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human sources | New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 40.5 | 40(neg) | ||||
Dorea faecis | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 57% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | ||||||||||||||
Dorea formicigenerans | Eubacterium formicgenerans | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ludwig2009) | Moore1974, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-44 | |||
Dorea hylemonae | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | ||||||||||||||
Dorea longicatena | Mixed | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.8-45.6 | ||||
Dorea phocaeensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Dorea scindens | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | ||||||||||||||
Drancourtella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Durand2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Ruminococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 45.2 | ||||||
Dubosiella newyorkensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | murine intestinal contents | De2020 | Firmicutes | Epsilonproteobacteria | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 42.5 | ||||||
Duncaniella dubosii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of mice | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Short Rod | No spore | 47.9 | |||||||
Duncaniella muris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse gut | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 50.8 | ||||||
Duodenibacillus massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 25% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human duodenum (Mailhe2016b) | Byrd2020, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Dyadobacter beijingensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and turf grass | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52.1 | ||||
Dyadobacter fermentans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and plants | RajilicStojanovic2014, Zeller2014 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 51.5 | ||||
Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical specimens | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 38 | + | ||||
Dysgonomonas gadei | CDC Group DF-3 | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and gall bladder | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 39.6 | + | ||
Dysgonomonas massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 37.3 | |||||||
Dysgonomonas mossii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical samples (blood, abdominal drainage - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 38.5 | 5(+) | |||
Dysosmobacter welbionis | Positive | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Recently discovered but reported to be widespread ("up to 70% of the population"). | human faeces (Roy2020) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.9 | 2(+) | |||
Edwardsiella tarda | Paracolobactrum anguillimortiferum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, disease of fish and atherosclerotic plaques | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55-58 | |||
Eggerthella guodeyinii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Acid is not formed from sugars. | human faeces, China | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61-65 | |||||
Eggerthella lenta | Eubacterium lentum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62 | |||
Eggerthella sinensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human gut, and patient with proctitis (Alkhalil2017) | Zou2019, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65 | ||||
Eggerthella timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.2 | ||||||
Eggerthia catenaformis | Bacteroides catenaformis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and dental disease | Finegold1977, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Coprobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.8 | |||||
Eikenella corrodens | Bacteroides corrodens | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, abscess, infection, appendix) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56-58 | ||||
Eisenbergiella massiliensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 74% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Togo2016a) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Eisenbergiella tayi | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human blood and human faeces | Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.0 | |||||
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica | Flavobacterium meningosepticum | 2 | Pathogen of humans and vertebrates | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | throat and clinical sources (blood, wound, respiratory tract - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 37.2 | ||
Elizabethkingia miricola | Chryseobacterium miricola | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the Mir spacecraft | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.3 | ||||
Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59.6 | |||||||
Elusimicrobium minutum | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces alanine as a metabolic endpoint. Doesn't grow at 37C so probably not a coloniser of the gut. | termite gut | De2020 | Elusimicrobia | Elusimicrobia | Elusimicrobiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | ||||||
Emergencia timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 44% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bessis2016a) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Rod | ||||||||
Empedobacter brevis | Flavobacterium breve | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | canal water, food, clinical specimens | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 31-33 | |||
Empedobacter falsenii | Wautersiella falsenii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, rectum - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33.8-34.4 | ||||
Enhydrobacter aerosaccus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and oxygen-depleted eutrophic lake | Yang2020, Hu2019 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Hyphomicrobiales incertae sedis | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.3 | |||||
Enorma massiliensis | Coriobacteriaceae bacterium phI | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.0 | |||||
Enorma phocaeensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Enorma timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ramasamy2014a) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.8 | ||||||
Ensifer adhaerens | Ensifer morelensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 27C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Enterobacter asburiae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - including an ulcerative colitis patient) and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG) | Favier2002, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55-57 | |||||
Enterobacter cancerogenus | Erwinia cancerogena | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and cankers in poplars | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Enterobacter cloacae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, wound, nosocomial infections - CCUG), sewage, animals and soil | Finegold1977, Benno1984, McLaughlin2010, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52-54 | ||||
Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens | Enterobacter dissolvens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | maize and clinical sources (blood, abdomen, skin abscess) | Zou2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55 | ||||
Enterobacter himalayensis | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 11% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | No spore | |||||||||||||
Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei | Enterobacter hormaechei | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients) | McLaughlin2010, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||
Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (urine, wound, genitals - CCUG) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis | Enterobacter xiangfangensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, urine and sourdough | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55.2 | |||||
Enterobacter kobei | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (throat, sputum, blood and urine) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.7 | |||||
Enterobacter ludwigii | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulcerative colitis patient) and blood | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Enterobacter massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55.1 | |||||
Enterobacter mori | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 28C. In 4% of healthy Europeans (unseenbio.com). | diseased mulberry roots | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 55.1 | |||||
Enterobacter roggenkampii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and wound | New2022, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Enterobacter soli | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil. Has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017, CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.8 | ||||||
Enterobacter timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2017) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Enterocloster aldenensis | Clostridium aldenense | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Enterocloster asparagiformis | Clostridium asparagiforme | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 51% of Europeans (unseenbio.com), but in 95% of subjects in study by Qin2010. Moderate coloniser. | human faeces and atherosclerotic plaques | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 53 | ||||
Enterocloster bolteae | Clostridium bolteae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and clinical sources (abscess, blood) | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.5 | |||
Enterocloster citroniae | Clostridium citroniae | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (peritoneal fluid - CCUG) | Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Qin2012, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Enterocloster clostridioformis | Clostridium clostridioforme | Mixed | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, liver abscess - CCUG) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, deGoffau2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49.0 | 20(+) | ||
Enterocloster lavalensis | Clostridium lavalense | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 68% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51–52 | ||||
Enterococcus asini | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and donkey caecal contents | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.4 | 40(+) | ||||
Enterococcus avium | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (especially children) and clinical sources (wound, abscess, blood, infection) | Benno1984, Favier2002, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 39-40 | 40(+) | ||||
Enterococcus burkinafasonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41.9 | |||||||
Enterococcus caccae | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 32.5 | |||||
Enterococcus canintestini | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dogs | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.0-37.0 | |||||
Enterococcus canis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | dog faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 41.7-43.0 | ||||
Enterococcus casseliflavus | Streptococcus casseliflavus | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, abscess) | Pandey2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 40.5-44.9 | 5(+) | |||
Enterococcus cecorum | Streptococcus cecorum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | animal and clinical sources (blood), water and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 37-38 | |||
Enterococcus columbae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | domestic pigeons | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | vr | Coccus | No spore | 38.2 | 40(+) | ||||
Enterococcus devriesei | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 79% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | animal sources and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 40 | ||||||
Enterococcus diestrammenae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a cricket from Korea. Has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41.3 | ||||||
Enterococcus dispar | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (Synovial fluid, blood), dog faeces and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39 | |||||
Enterococcus durans | Streptococcus durans | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human clinical sources (infection, blood), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces | Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38-40 | ||
Enterococcus eurekensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig manure storage pit | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.0 | ||||||
Enterococcus faecalis | Streptococcus faecalis | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Huycke MM, Abrams V, Moore DR. Enterococcus faecalis produces extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that damages colonic epithelial cell DNA. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23: 529–36. This organism also produces D-lactate, which could be linked to cronic fatigue syndrome (Sheedy2009). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound, urine), and animal sources | Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | vr | Coccus | No spore | 37-40 | |||
Enterococcus faecium | Streptococcus faecium | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound, urine), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Hoyles2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Moore1995 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | Micr | Coccus | No spore | 37-40 | ||||
Enterococcus gallinarum | Streptococcus gallinarum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human clinical sources (blood, infection, urine), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 39-40 | ||
Enterococcus gilvus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | the bile of a patient with cholecystitis | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40(+) | ||||
Enterococcus haemoperoxidus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | surface waters | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 35.3-35.5 | ||||||
Enterococcus hermanniensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | chicken meat and dogs | Lagier2016, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Oval-shaped | No spore | 36.6-37.4 | ||||||
Enterococcus hirae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human clinical sources (blood), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces | Woodmansey2004, Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37-38 | |||
Enterococcus italicus | Enterococcus saccharominimus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dairy products from Italy | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.9-41.1 | ||||
Enterococcus lactis | Enterococcus xinjiangensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | raw milk cheese from Italy and yogurt from China | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 44.5 | |||||
Enterococcus malodoratus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | animal sources, cheese, clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40-41 | |||||
Enterococcus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy volunteer | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 39.6 | ||||||
Enterococcus mediterraneensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.9 | |||||||
Enterococcus moraviensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | spring water | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.3 | ||||||
Enterococcus mundtii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (Svec2011Bergey), cow teat, soil and plants | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38-39 | |||
Enterococcus pallens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40(+) | ||||
Enterococcus phoeniculicola | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | bird gland and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40(neg) | |||||
Enterococcus pseudoavium | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood) and bovine mastitis | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40 | ||||
Enterococcus raffinosus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, wound - CCUG) | Favier2002, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 39-40 | |||||
Enterococcus saccharolyticus | Streptococcus saccharolyticus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces. Isolated from cows and straw bedding | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37.6-38.3 | |||
Enterococcus saigonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | retail chicken meat, Vietnam | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.8-37.5 | ||||||
Enterococcus sulfureus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and plants | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38 | + | ||||
Enterococcus thailandicus | Enterococcus sanguinicola | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | fermented sausage, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 37.9 | ||||
Enterococcus timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and sputum (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 38.5 | |||||||
Enterococcus villorum | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | piglet diarrhoea | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.1-35.3 | ||||
Enteroscipio rubneri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Danylec2018) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.4 | ||||||
Enterovibrio nigricans | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fish kidney, Spain | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 47.9 | ||||||
Ereboglobus luteus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Ferments sugars but not amino acids or organic acids | the hindgut of a cockroach | New2022 | Verrucomicrobia | Opitutae | Opitutaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 59.7 | |||||
Erwinia billingiae | 1 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | trees, a clinical specimen (nasopharynx - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54-55 | |||
Erwinia tasmaniensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Inability to grow at 36C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | apple and pear trees, Australia | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50.5-52.4 | ||||
Erwinia teleogrylli | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | crickets from China | Byrd2020, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Short Rod | No spore | 55.3 | |||||||
Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum | Clostridium ramosum | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical sources (infections and blood) | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Rare | 26 | 20(+) | |||
Erysipelatoclostridium saccharogumia | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 52% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | ||||||||||||||
Erysipelatoclostridium spiroforme | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 41% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | ||||||||||||||
Erysipelothrix larvae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the gut of the rhinoceros beetle | De2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36.3 | ||||||
Escherichia albertii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.5-50.7 | ||||
Escherichia coli | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients) and clinical sources | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Favier2002, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Bik2006, Frank2007, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pandey2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Moore1995 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50 | ||||
Escherichia dysenteriae | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | ||||||||||||||
Escherichia fergusonii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (including atherosclerotic plaques) and raptors | Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Escherichia marmotae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of Marmota himalayana | Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 53 | ||||||
Escherichia ruysiae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | The organism was lost from the patient's gut after less than one month | a European with diarrhoea after travelling through Asia | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Ethanoligenens harbinense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | wastewater. Has been detected in human faeces (New2022) | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 47.8 | |||||
Eubacterium barkeri | Clostridium barkeri | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and river sediment | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 45 | 20(neg) | |||
Eubacterium biforme | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Heilig2002, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Moore1995, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 32 | 20(neg) | ||||
Eubacterium brachy | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources (oral infections, lung abscess) and human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 20(d) | |||||
Eubacterium callanderi | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 30% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, and an anaerobic digester | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47 | ||||
Eubacterium cellulosolvens | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | human faeces, and cow and sheep rumen | Finegold1977, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 50 | ||||
Eubacterium coprostanoligenes | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 38% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and pig sewage | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 41 | ||||
Eubacterium dolichum | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Eubacterium infirmum | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and peridontal pockets | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38 | |||||
Eubacterium limosum | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Homoacetogen. Able to use the following donors: CO, methanol, betaine, phenylmethylether. | human faeces, rumen, sewage, mud, animals and clinical sources (rectal abscesses, blood and wounds) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47 | ||||
Eubacterium maltosivorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Feng2018) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.8 | ||||||
Eubacterium multiforme | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, and soil, and clinical sources (deep wound) | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 20(neg) | ||||
Eubacterium nodatum | Negative | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and subgingival samples | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | ||||
Eubacterium oxidoreducens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen. Has also been detected in human faeces (probably transient) | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 35.7 | |||||
Eubacterium plexicaudatum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caecal contents of a mouse | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 44 | |||||
Eubacterium pyruvativorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | High G+C for Clostridium/Eubacteria species. Net producer of mainly caproate, plus valerate. Net consumer of acetate, propionate and butyrate. | sheep rumen | Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 56.8 | ||||
Eubacterium ramulus | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ludwig2009) | Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39 | 20(+) | |||
Eubacterium rectale | Agathobacter rectalis | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 41.5 | 20(neg) | ||
Eubacterium ruminantium | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and cow rumen | Moore1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 20(+) | |||||
Eubacterium saphenum | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44-48 | |||||
Eubacterium siraeum | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, King2019, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 45 | 20(neg) | |||
Eubacterium sulci | Fusobacterium sulci | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39 | ||||
Eubacterium tenue | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, knee synovial fluid, blood) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Nam2008a, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Eubacterium uniforme | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen of a sheep | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 35.2 | |||||
Eubacterium ventriosum | Bacteroides ventriosus | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (mouth abscess, various infections) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Moore1995, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 20(neg) | ||||
Eubacterium xylanophilum | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and sheep rumen | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39 | |||||
Eubacterium yurii | Eubacterium yurii subsp. yurii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | subgingival dental plaque | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 32 | ||||
Ewingella americana | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Causes Illness | human faeces (CCUG - diarrhoea), clinical sources (blood, wound throat - CCUG) and the environment | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.4 | |||||
Exiguobacterium aurantiacum | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | wastewater and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Swimming | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 53.2-55.8 | |||||
Exiguobacterium marinum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | tidal flats and human faeces | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | 48 | ||||||
Exiguobacterium mexicanum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | brine shrimp | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Exiguobacterium undae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pond water and human faeces | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Swimming | No spore | |||||||
Ezakiella coagulans | Bacteroides coagulans | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37 | ||||
Ezakiella massiliensis | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | a woman with bacterial vaginosis | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Ezakiella peruensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellia incertae sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.4 | ||||||
Facklamia hominis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | an abscess on the buttocks of a patient, clinical sources (blood, vagina, boil) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41 | |||||
Facklamia languida | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | ||||||
Faecalibacillus faecis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Seo2019) | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 30.2 | |||||||
Faecalibacillus intestinalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Seo2019) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 29.2 | ||||||
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Fusobacterium prausnitzii | Positive | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and animal faeces | Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Nam2008a, McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57 | |||
Faecalibaculum rodentium | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a femal mouse | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 52.3 | ||||||
Faecalicatena contorta | Eubacterium contortum | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Causes Illness | human faeces (high in Crohn's patients), clinical specimens (wounds, blood) and vagina | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Taylor1985, Benno1989, Browne2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.7 | 20(+) | |||
Faecalicatena faecis | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Faecalicatena fissicatena | Eubacterium fissicatena | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 50% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | the alimentary tract of a goat | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 50.5 | |||
Faecalicatena glycyrrhizinilyticum | Minor | Possible Mutualist | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 69% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Faecalicatena gnavus | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 85% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Faecalicatena lactaris | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 98% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Faecalicatena orotica | Clostridium oroticum | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, black mud and clinical sources (rectal abscess, bladder) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1989, Pfleiderer2013, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 49.9 | 20(+) | |||
Faecalicatena torques | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Faecalicoccus pleomorphus | Streptococcus pleomorphus | Unknown | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 13% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, and animal sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 39 | |||
Faecalimonas umbilicata | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2017) | Jeong2021, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46.9 | ||||||
Faecalitalea cylindroides | Eubacterium cylindroides | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | No spore | ||||||
Fannyhessea vaginae | Atopobium vaginae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human vagina and faeces | Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | 44 | |||||
Fastidiosipila sanguinis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human blood | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.9 | ||||||
Fenollaria massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 13% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | an osteoarticular sample of a patient, France | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.5 | ||||||
Fenollaria timonensis | Micromassilia timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy volunteer | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Fermentimonas caenicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a bioreactor and human faeces | King2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.2 | ||||||
Ferrimonas balearica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses Fe(III) and Mn(IV) as electron acceptors. Requires sodium for growth. | marine sediment, Spain | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Ferrimonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 54 | ||||
Fibrobacter succinogenes | Bacteroides succinogenes | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Sensitive to low concentrations of methanol (Caldwell1989). | cattle rumen | New2022, Zeller2014 | Fibrobacteres | Fibrobacteria | Fibrobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 48-51 | |||
Fictibacillus arsenicus | Bacillus arsenicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Resistant to 20mM arsenic(V) and 0.3mM arsenic(III). Significant differences between Shivaji2005 and Glaeser2013 reported assimilation data. Obligate aerobe so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and arsenic soils | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35 | |||
Filifactor alocis | Fusobacterium alocis | Negative | 2 | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease (oral infections, blood) and human faeces | Woodmansey2004, Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 28–34 | |||
Filifactor villosus | Clostridium villosum | Negative | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | a cat abscess and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Rare | ||||
Finegoldia magna | Peptostreptococcus magnus | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (vagina, abscess, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | 32–34 | |||||
Flaviflexus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a young girl from Niger suffering from kwashiorkor | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Coccobacillus | |||||||||
Flavobacterium banpakuense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and compost | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 31.1 | |||||
Flavobacterium caeni | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strict aerobe and only grows at 30C, so likely to be a non-coloniser of the gut. Significant descrepancy between some data reported by Fujii2014 and that originally reported by Liu2010a. | a waste treatment plant | Byrd2020, De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52 | |||||
Flavobacterium cheniae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and polluted waters | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 40.6 | ||||||
Flavobacterium daejeonense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | greenhouse soil, Korea | Forster2019 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35 | ||||
Flavobacterium lindanitolerans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | contaminated soil, clinical sources (wound, peritoneal - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 31 | |||||
Flavobacterium oncorhynchi | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and rainbow trout | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33.0 | |||||
Flavobacterium sakaeratica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | Rod | No spore | |||||||||
Flavonifractor plautii | Eubacterium plautii | Mixed | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Prevalent in paediatric patients with onset UC, CD and IBD-U vs. controls (Malham2019). | human faeces and blood | Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 58-61.6 | ||
Flexispira rappini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and blood | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | |||||||
Flintibacter butyricus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse intestines (miBC collection) | Diamanti2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58 | ||||||
Fournierella massiliensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 90% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.8 | |||||
Francisella tularensis | Brucella tularensis | 3 | Can be passed from animals to humans | Non | Transient | Dangerous Pathogen | Facultative intracellular parasite. Causes tularemia in humans. Can reach epidemic levels and is transmitted by zoonotic means. | many types of animals and insects | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Francisellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 34 | ||
Franconibacter pulveris | Cronobacter pulveris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | infant formula | Byrd2020, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 56.6 | |||||
Fredinandcohnia humi | Bacillus humi | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.5 | ||||
Fretibacterium fastidiosum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Asaccharolytic. Growth stimulated by the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum. | the human oral cavity | Vachida2019 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 63 | |||||
Fructilactobacillus florum | Lactobacillus florum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | from flowers, South Africa | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42 | ||||||
Fructilactobacillus fructivorans | Lactobacillus fructivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can grow in media with up to 15% ethanol. | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.9 | |||||
Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis | Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, food (fermented and spoilt) and sourdough bread fermentation | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | ||||
Fucophilus fucoidanolyticus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Digests algal-derived fucoidan compounds (sulfated fucosyl polysaccharides). | a sea cucumber gut | Verrucomicrobia | Verrucomicrobiae | Verrucomicrobiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52 | ||||||
Fundidesulfovibrio putealis | Desulfovibrio putealis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors | water-producing well in France | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 57.8 | |||
Furfurilactobacillus rossiae | Lactobacillus rossiae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | wheat sourdough | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.6 | ||||
Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 100% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 46.9-47.2 | |||||
Fusobacterium canifelinum | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | cats and dogs, and bites from them in humans | Lagier2016 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26-28 | neg | |||
Fusobacterium gonidiaformans | Bacillus gonidiaformans | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Benno1986, McLaughlin2010, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | neg | ||||
Fusobacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | duodenum of a patient with iron deficiency | Lagier2016 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 27 | ||||||
Fusobacterium mortiferum | Clostridium rectum | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and abscess | Moore1974, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | + | ||||
Fusobacterium naviforme | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and lesion (exudate) | Benno1986, Mangin2004, Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | neg | |||||
Fusobacterium necrogenes | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | + | ||||||
Fusobacterium necrophorum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Strain F85 can grow in media containing 25% methanol, with only ~6% decrease in growth rate (Caldwell1989). | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | |||||
Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | pathogenic legions of animals | Lagier2016 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 27-31 | 20(neg) | |||
Fusobacterium nucleatum | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, lesion - CCUG) | Benno1986, Bik2006, Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Urban2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | |||||
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis | Fusobacterium animalis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human gut and amniotic fluid | Tyakht2013, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Jie2017 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26-28 | 20(+) | |||
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum | Fusobacterium nucleatum | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human gut and clinical sources (blood, lesion - CCUG) | Benno1986, Tyakht2013, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | |||
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human gut and clinical sources (blood, throat, gingiva - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human gut and clinical sources (blood, periodontal pocket - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26-28 | 20(neg) | ||||
Fusobacterium perfoetens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an infant with diarrhoea, and piglet faeces | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 28-30 | S | ||||
Fusobacterium periodonticum | Fusobacterium sp. 2_1_31 | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 28 | neg | |||
Fusobacterium pseudoperiodonticum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human tongue, Korea | New2022 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Fusobacterium | No spore | 28 | ||||||
Fusobacterium russii | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Benno1986, Finegold1974, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | neg | ||||||
Fusobacterium ulcerans | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Few Europeans have it (unseenbio.com). | tropical ulcers and human faeces | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 29.2-29.5 | ||||
Fusobacterium varium | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Benno1986, Benno1989, Wang2005, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Fusobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | + | |||||
Gabonia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Mourembou2016) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.9 | ||||||
Gabonibacter massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 31% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical specimens (blood - CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 42.1 | |||||
Gabonibacter timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | + | Rod | No spore | ||||||||||
Gallibacterium anatis | Pasteurella anatis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Description for G. anatis bv anatis, not the haemolytic biovar. | duck intestines | Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.9-42.6 | ||
Gardnerella leopoldii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human vagina, Belgium | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Coccobacillus | No spore | 41.9-43.2 | |||||||
Gardnerella vaginalis | Haemophilus vaginalis | 2 | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (UTI, blood) and vagina | Lagier2016, King2019, New2022, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.0-42.8 | ||||
Gemella asaccharolytica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (abscess) | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillales Family XI. Incertae Sedis | vr | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Gemella haemolysans | Neisseria haemolysans | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, eye, abscess, cerebrospinal fluid) | Wang2005, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 30-34 | ||||
Gemella morbillorum | Streptococcus morbillorum | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) | Benno1986, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30 | ||||
Gemella sanguinis | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31 | |||||
Gemmatimonas groenlandica | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Yeast extract used as a N source. Likely not a gut coloniser because maximum temperature for growth is 32C. | surface water, Greenland | New2022 | Gemmatimonadetes | Gemmatimonadetes | Gemmatimonadaceae | neg | AER | Rod | 65.1 | |||||||
Gemmiger formicilis | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | MacFarlane2004, deGoffau2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 59 | |||
Gemmiger variabile | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | No record in the NCBI database for this organism. In 77% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Ruminococcaceae | |||||||||||||
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | Bacillus stearothermophilus | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, hot springs, compost, food and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.9 | ||
Geobacillus vulcani | Bacillus vulcani | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and marine thermal vent | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53.0 | ||||
Geodermatophilus obscurus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and poor growth at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | desert soil, USA | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Geodermatophilaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||
Georgenia muralis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | old painting and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bogoriellaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | No spore | 70 | ||||||
Georgenia satyanarayanai | Oceanitalea nanhaiensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. Data for antibiotic activity from Oceanitalea nanhaiensis (Fu2012). | soda lake sediment, India | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bogoriellaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 73.4 | ||||
Geosporobacter ferrireducens | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fe(III) acts as an electron acceptor | an oil-contaminated site, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 37.2 | |||||
Gleimia europaea | Actinomyces europaeus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, ulcer, cyst) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 61-63 | ||||
Globicatella sulfidifaciens | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | animal wounds | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | vr | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35-36 | neg | |||
Glutamicibacter arilaitensis | Arthrobacter arilaitensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and low growth temperatures of 10-30C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | the surface of Reblochon cheese | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | ||||
Glutamicibacter protophormiae | Arthrobacter protophormiae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, soil and flies | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Club rod | No spore | 63.2-65.9 | ||||
Gorbachella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Gordonia alkanivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | tar-contaminated soil | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Gordoniaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 68 | |||||
Gordonia rubripertincta | Rhodococcus rubripertinctus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Gordoniaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 62-67 | |||
Gordonia terrae | Rhodococcus terrae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (eye, blood, plural effusion - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Gordoniaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64-69 | ||||
Gordonibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65.1 | ||||||
Gordonibacter pamelaeae | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (inflammatory bowel disease) | Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 66.4 | ||||||
Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 28% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017, CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 66.4 | |||||
Gorillibacterium timonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2018) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Gottschalkia acidurici | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | garden soil, USA | New2022 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Gottschalkiaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29.9 | |||||||
Gracilibacillus dipsosauri | Bacillus dipsosauri | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | nasal cavity of desert iguana | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.4 | ||||
Gracilibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | cooking salt specimens | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36 | ||||||
Gracilibacillus phocaeensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017a) that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | |||||||||
Gracilibacillus thailandensis | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | fermented fish | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.6 | |||||
Gracilibacillus timonensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | |||||||
Granulicatella adiacens | Streptococcus adjacens, Abiotrophia adiacens | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.6-37.4 | |||
Granulicatella elegans | Abiotrophia elegans | Negative | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, joint fluid) and human faeces | Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36-37.5 | |||
Granulicatella para-adiacens | Abiotrophia para-adiacens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (endocarditis, bacteremia, blood and endovascular infections - Senn2006) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Lagier2016, Wang2005, Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36-37.4 | |||||
Grimontia hollisae | Vibrio hollisae | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Requires Na+ for growth. | human faeces and is a likely cause of diarrhoea | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49.3-51.0 | ||
Gulosibacter bifidus | Zimmermannella bifida | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Aerobic and low optimum growth temperature (30C) suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil and clinical specimens (blood, wounds) | PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 62 | ||||
Haemophilus ducreyi | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Produces many peptidases. | patients with venereal disease (cause of soft chancre) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38 | |||||
Haemophilus haemolyticus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, nasopharynx and oral cavity | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 38.5 | ||||
Haemophilus influenzae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, oral cavity and clinical sources (sputum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | No spore | 38.3-39.1 | ||||||
Haemophilus parahaemolyticus | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | In 17% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | throat and clinical sources (oral infection, pharyngitis, endocarditis) | Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 40-41 | ||||
Haemophilus parainfluenzae | 2 | Widespread | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, oral cavity and clinical sources (sputum, infection, wound - CCUG) | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.2 | |||||
Haemophilus paraphrohaemolyticus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, throat infections and sputum | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-41 | |||||
Haemophilus pittmaniae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human saliva, human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, bile, other - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | No spore | |||||||
Haemophilus quentini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Haemophilus sputorum | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 11% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources (blood, oral cavity - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Hafnia alvei | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, urine, blood - CCUG) animals, sewage, water and soil | Finegold1977, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 48.0-48.7 | ||||
Hafnia paralvei | Hafnia alvei genomosp. 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Hafniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49.8 | |||||
Hahella ganghwensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Sodium required for growth. | tidal flats from Korea | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Hahellaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 44 | ||||
Halanaerobaculum tunisiense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Very high salt concentration required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and hypersaline lake | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Halobacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.3 | |||||
Halobacillus dabanensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt. | salt lakes in China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.4 | ||||
Halobacillus ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly halophilic. | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41.1 | ||||||
Halobacillus karajensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Sodium required for growth. Likely a gut non-coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt and is an obligate aerobe. | saline soil from Iran | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 41.3 | ||||
Halobacillus massiliensis | Positive | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | ||||||||||
Halobacillus salinus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires at least 2% salt concentration for optimal growth. | salt lake in Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 45 | ||||
Halobacillus trueperi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | salt lakes from the USA | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43 | ||||
Halobacteroides halobius | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Very high salt concentration requirement makes this an unlikely gut coloniser. | Dead Sea sediment | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Halobacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 30.7 | ||||
Haloferax alexandrinus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Lyses in water, so unlikely to be a coloniser of the gut. Requires high levels of Mg2+. | extreme salt conditions, Egypt | Lagier2016 | Euryarchaeota | Halobacteria | Haloferacaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 59.3 | ||||
Haloferax massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | A halophilic archea | the faeces of an obese Amazonian woman | Lagier2016 | Euryarchaeota | Halobacteria | Haloferacaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Haloimpatiens massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | 29.8 | |||||||||
Halomonas massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy man from Senegal | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||||
Halomonas muralis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic and inability to grow at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | biofilm covering an old mural | Cassir2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.4 | ||||
Halomonas salina | Deleya salina | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires both Na+ and Mg2+ along with chloride or sulfate counterions. | salt lakes, sea and hypersaline soils | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 60.7-64 | ||||
Halomonas utahensis | Pseudomonas halophila | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | salt lakes from the USA | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Halomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57 | 0.4(+) | ||
Halopseudomonas bauzanensis | Pseudomonas bauzanensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | soil | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.8 | ||||
Halopseudomonas pelagia | Pseudomonas pelagia | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum temperatures (25C) and strictly aerobic requirements makes this a very unlikely gut coloniser. | green alga, Antarctic | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.1 | ||||
Haploplasma axanthum | Acholeplasma axanthum | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | murine leukemia tissue culture | Byrd2020, New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Acholeplasmataceae | neg | FANA | Coccobacillus | ||||||
Harryflintia acetispora | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | chicken caeca | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 62.2 | ||||||
Hathewaya histolytica | Clostridium histolyticum | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human intestine (Rainey2011bBergey), estuary sediment, clinical sources (wounds, gas gangrene) and soil | Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Hathewaya limosa | Clostridium limosum | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease | Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 20(neg) | ||||
Hathewaya massiliensis | Clostridium culturomicum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Tall2020a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29.4 | ||||||
Helcobacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | cutaneous discharge | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermabacteraceae | + | AER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 68.6 | ||||||
Helcococcus sueciensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | a wound | De2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29.5 | ||||
Helicobacter bilis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and mice | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 20(+) | ||||
Helicobacter canadensis | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | ||||
Helicobacter canis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea), blood, and dogs | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 48.2-48.8 | 1.5(+) | |||
Helicobacter cinaedi | Campylobacter cinaedi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and animals | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 37-38 | |||
Helicobacter felis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Non | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | the gastic mucosa of a cat | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 42.5 | ||||
Helicobacter fennelliae | Campylobacter fennelliae | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 37-38 | |||
Helicobacter heilmannii | Gastrospirillum hominis | Non | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the gastic mucosa of a cat | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 1(neg) | |||||
Helicobacter macacae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and Rhesus monkeys | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||||
Helicobacter pametensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | bird faeces | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 38 | |||||
Helicobacter pullorum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea), and animals | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 34-35 | 1(+) | |||
Helicobacter pylori | Negative | 2 | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (ulcer) and stomach | Bik2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 36–39 | ||||
Helicobacter rodentium | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | mouse gastrointestinal tract | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||
Helicobacter winghamensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 1(+) | ||||||
Heliomicrobium modesticaldum | Heliobacterium modesticaldum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows phototrophically by photoassimilating pyruvate, lactate and acetate. High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | neutral or alkaline hot springs, Iceland | New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Heliobacteriaceae | neg | SANA | vr | Rod - curved | Endospore | 54.6-55 | |||
Herbaspirillum autotrophicum | Aquaspirillum autotrophicum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Facultative autotroph. Can use nitrate as a source of N. Doesn't grow at 37C and under anaerobic conditions, so is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | eutrophic lake water, Switzerland | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 60-62 | 1(+) | ||
Herbaspirillum huttiense | Pseudomonas huttiensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and distilled water | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.5 | ||||
Herbinix hemicellulosilytica | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | A high minimum growth temperature (45C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | a thermophilic biogas reactor | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 36.6 | |||||
Herbinix luporum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High minimum growth temperature (40C) so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a thermophilic biogas plant, Germany | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.1 | |||||
Herminiimonas contaminans | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and contaminated biopharmaceuticals | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55.4 | |||||
Hespellia porcina | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and pig faeces | PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.8 | |||||
Hespellia stercorisuis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and pig faeces | PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.7 | |||||
Heyndrickxia oleronia | Bacillus oleronius | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | the hindgut of termites, diary products and dairy equipment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Short Rod | Endospore | 35 | |||
Heyndrickxia sporothermodurans | Bacillus sporothermodurans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | milk and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36 | ||||
Histophilus somni | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | cattle and sheep infections | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.5 | ||||
Holdemanella biformis | Eubacterium biforme | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Woodmansey2004, Salonen2014, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32-34 | ||||
Holdemania filiformis | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38 | ||||
Holdemania massiliensis | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (anorexia nervosa patient) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Jeong2021, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.1 | ||||||
Holophaga foetida | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Transforms methoxyaryl groups to methylsulfide. | black anoxic freshwater mud | De2020 | Acidobacteria | Holophagae | Holophagaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.5 | ||||
Howardella ureilytica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and Sheep rumen | RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34 | |||||
Hugonella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 63.5 | |||||||
Humisphaera borealis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum temperatures (20-25C) makes this an unlikely gut coloniser. | a boreal eutrophic lake, Russia | New2022 | Planctomycetes | Phycisphaerae | Tepidisphaeraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 63.1 | |||||
Hungatella effluvii | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 65% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and anaerobic digester | Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.4 | |||||
Hungatella hathewayi | Clostridium hathewayi | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, blood and atherosclerotic plaques | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.9 | ||||
Hungatella saccharolyticum | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | ||||||||||||||
Hungatella xylanolytica | Bacteroides xylanolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | fermenting cattle manure, a clinical specimen (blood - CCUG) and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 35 | ||||
Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii | Bacillus schlegelii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces spores, but is an obligate aerobe and doesn't grow at 37C. Unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, lake, and soils | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 62.3-65.4 | |||
Hydrogenoanaerobacterium saccharovorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and an anaerobic digester | PerisBondia2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.9-42.8 | ||||||
Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava | Pseudomonas pseudoflava | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Autotrophic, using H2/CO2/O2 only. Also Heterotrophic using >42 different organic substrates. Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, mud and water | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 66.5-68.0 | |||
Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus | Thiomicrospira crunogena | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and low optimum temperature suggest it is not a gut coloniser. | a deep-sea hydrothermal vent | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Piscirickettsiaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 41.8-42.6 | ||||
Hymenobacter rigui | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and freshwater | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65 | |||||
Hymenobacter russus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Radiation resistant. A low optimum growth temperature (25C) suggests this organism is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, Korea | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Hyphomicrobium facile | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Hyphomicrobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 60 | |||||
Ihubacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy volunteer | Lagier2016, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Ihuprevotella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | ||||||||
Ileibacterium valens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | murine intestinal contents | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41.1 | ||||||
Inediibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2017a) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 30.5 | ||||||
Intestinibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human left colon (Ricaboni2016d) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Intestinibacter bartlettii | Clostridium bartlettii | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Higher than normal levels have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children (see Bojovic2020). | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 29.8 | 20(+) | |
Intestinibaculum porci | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig small intestines | New2022 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.5 | ||||||
Intestinimonas butyriciproducens | Clostridium anorexicus | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 94% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces , and mouse caeca | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | unclassified Clostridiales | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 59.1 | ||||
Intestinimonas gabonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Intestinimonas massiliensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 94% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Afouda2018) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedi | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.7 | |||||
Intestinimonas timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Durand2017b) | Lagier2016, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Isoptericola variabilis | Cellulosimicrobium variabile | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cellulolytic and xylanolytic | termite gut | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Promicromonosporaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 70-72 | |||
Janibacter anophelis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and gut of Anophiles mosquito | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Intrasporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Janibacter hoylei | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Resistant to UV light | high altitude air samples | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Intrasporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 72.8 | |||||
Janibacter limosus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces (Hoyles2012), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG) and wastewater | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Intrasporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70 | ||||
Janibacter terrae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, blood and wastewater | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Intrasporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 69 | |||||
Jeotgalibaca arthritidis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a pig joint fluid | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Jeotgalibaca porci | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a pig joint fluid | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermented fish (jeotgal), Korea | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42 | |||||
Johnsonella ignava | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | gingival crevices of humans with gingivitis and periodontitis | Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32 | 20(neg) | ||||
Jonquetella anthropi | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Carbohydrates are not fermented. | clinical sources (wound, pelvis, cyst) | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59.4 | ||||
Kalamiella piersonii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), and metal surfaces | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | No spore | 57.1 | ||||||||
Kallipyga gabonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faces of a man from Gabon | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 50 | ||||||
Kallipyga massiliensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Family XI Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 51.4 | ||||||
Kandleria vitulina | Lactobacillus vitulinus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and bovine rumen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.7 | ||||
Kerstersia gyiorum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, wound - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | vr | Coccus | No spore | 62.7-62.9 | ||||||
Khelaifiella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2017) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | |||||||||
Kineothrix alysoides | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | switchgrass microcosm seeded with forest soil | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.7 | ||||||
Kingella denitrificans | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | respiratory tract | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 54.1-54.8 | 10(d) | ||||
Kingella kingae | Moraxella kingii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | nasopharynx and clinical sources (blood, joint, bone legion) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 44.5 | ||||
Kingella oralis | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56-58 | |||||
Kiritimatiella glycovorans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly fermentative and moderately halophilic. Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | the suboxic zone of a hypersaline microbial mat, Republic of Kiribati | New2022 | Kiritimatiellaeota | Kiritimatiellae | Kiritimatiellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 63.3 | |||||
Klebsiella aerogenes | Enterobacter aerogenes | Negative | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Salonen2014, Alkhalil2017 - high loads in several ulcerative colitis patients) and clinical sources (infections, blood, urine) | Finegold1977, Favier2002, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.8 | |||
Klebsiella grimontii | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 11% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | bacteraemia, wounds, faeces, haemorrhagic colitis | Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.4 | |||||
Klebsiella michiganensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 12% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) and tooth brush holder | King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 54.6 | |||||
Klebsiella oxytoca | Mixed | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (2-4% in several ulcerative colitis patients) and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55-58 | |||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, urine, wound, nasopharynx - CCUG) and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients). Implicated in CVD progression | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Pandey2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56-58 | |||
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae | Klebsiella ozaenae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, nasopharynx- CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Zou2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | nasopharynx and clinical sources (rhinoscleromatis) | Zou2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 10% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources (blood) | Zou2019, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.9 | |||||
Klebsiella quasivariicola | Minor | Opportunistic Pathogen | Characterisation not yet published. In 63% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | No spore | ||||||||||||
Klebsiella variicola | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (infant - CCUG), clinical (wound, blood, urine - CCUG) and plant sources | Nielsen2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Kluyvera ascorbata | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Kluyvera ascorbata in 8% of Europeans, Kluyvera ascorbata_B also with 8% (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Alkhalil2017), and clinical sources (urine - CCUG) | Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56.1 | ||||
Kluyvera cryocrescens | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | sewage, soil, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces (high load in several ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017) | McLaughlin2010, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55.1 | ||||
Kluyvera georgiana | Kluyvera species group 3 | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, sputum and throat cultures | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Kluyvera intermedia | Enterobacter intermedium | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | molluscs, water, soil, clinical sources (blood, wounds, bile) and human faeces (Alkhalil2017- ulcerative colitis patient) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Kocuria carniphila | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | meat | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 71 | ||||
Kocuria marina | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | marine sediment and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Kocuria palustris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | roots of cattail plant and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Yang2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 69.6 | |||||
Kocuria polaris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Probably transient because optimum growth temperature is low and unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a cyanobacterial mat | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 72.5 | ||||
Kocuria rhizophila | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | roots of cattail plant and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 69.4 | ||||
Kocuria rosea | Micrococcus roseus | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 66-75 | ||||
Kocuria salsicia | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and Korean fermented seafood | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 60.6 | ||||||
Kocuria varians | Micrococcus varians | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | skin, soil and water | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 66-72 | ||||
Kosakonia cowanii | Enterobacter cowanii | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 10% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | clinical sources and the environment | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 53 | |||
Krasilnikoviella flava | Promicromonospora flava | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | marine sediment and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Promicromonosporaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 71.9 | ||||||
Kurthia gibsonii | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | animal faeces and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | |||
Kurthia massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 39.3 | |||||
Kurthia senegalensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 38.2 | |||||
Kurthia sp. Dielmo | Kurthia timonensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Kurthia zopfii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | animal faeces, human faeces (Bilen2018e), fresh water and meat | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | |||||
Kushneria sinocarnis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt. | cured meat from China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 59.1 | |||||
Kytococcus schroeteri | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, wound, abdominal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermacoccaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Kytococcus sedentarius | Micrococcus sedentarius | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Dermacoccaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 68-69 | |||
Labilithrix luteola | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low maximum growth temperature (30C) and strictly aerobic requirements makes this likely a gut non-coloniser. | soil, Japan | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Sorangiineae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.3 | |||||
Lachnoanaerobaculum orale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the saliva of a healthy man | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 38 | 20(neg) | |||||
Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum | Eubacterium saburreum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 37.0 | ||||
Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 35.0 | |||||||
Lachnobacterium bovis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and bovine faeces | Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 33.9 | |||||
Lachnoclostridium bouchesdurhonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Amadou2016) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | Rod | ||||||||||
Lachnoclostridium edouardi | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 59% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Lachnoclostridium massiliosenegalense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2016b) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Lachnoclostridium pacaense | Clostridium pacaense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017a) | Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | ANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 50 | |||||
Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | UTI, France | Diamanti2020, New2022, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.6 | ||||||
Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans | Clostridium phytofermentans | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 14% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and from forest soil | King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.9 | |||
Lachnoclostridium touaregense | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | |||||||||
Lachnospira eligens | Eubacterium eligens | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Nam2008a, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Hoyles2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36 | |||
Lachnospira multipara | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the reticulo-rumen of cattle | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | ||||||
Lachnospira pectinoschiza | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ludwig2009), and pig intestine | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42 | |||||
Lachnospira rogosae | Moderate | Possible Mutualist | No record in the NCBI database for this organism. In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | |||||||||||||
Lacrimispora aerotolerans | Clostridium aerotolerans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the rumina of sheep | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40 | ||||
Lacrimispora amygdalina | Clostridium amygdalinum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | anaerobic digestive sludge. HuCA19 - a closely related bacterium (S16 94%) - was detected in human faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 32 | ||||
Lacrimispora celerecrescens | Clostridium celerecrescens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Cellulolytic. | cow manure and clinical sources (eye, osteitis - CCUG). NE90 - a related bacterium (S16 94%) - was detected in human faeces | Zupancic2012, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 38 | |||
Lacrimispora indolis | Clostridium indolis | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 44 | 20(neg) | |||
Lacrimispora saccharolytica | Clostridium saccharolyticum | 1 | Moderate | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | anaerobic sewage sludge. 8844 - a closely related bacterium (S16 95%) - was detected in human faeces (probably transient) | Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Wang2020a, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 28 | |||
Lacrimispora sphenoides | Clostridium sphenoides | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, mud, sludge and clinical sources (infections, wounds, gas gangrene) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41-43.8 | ||||
Lacticaseibacillus casei | Lactobacillus casei | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | An unlikely permanent inhabitant of the colon. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, blood and dairy products | Finegold1977, Benno1989, Heilig2002, DalBello2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45–47 | |
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Lactobacillus paracasei | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 17% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Produces GABA (Sahad2020). | human faeces (Sanz2007), dairy products, sewage, silage, humans, and clinical sources | Benno1984, Heilig2002, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-47 | ||
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | dairy products | Woodmansey2004, Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-47 | ||||
Lacticaseibacillus paragasseri | Lactobacillus paragasseri | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Tanizawa2018) | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.9 | |||||
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus | Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Positive | 2 | Moderate | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, dairy, sewage, and clinical sources (blood, cervix, abscess, other - CCUG) | Heilig2002, Woodmansey2004, DalBello2006, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45–47 | ||
Lacticaseibacillus saniviri | Lactobacillus saniviri | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.1 | |||||
Lacticaseibacillus sharpeae | Lactobacillus sharpeae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and sewage | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53 | ||||
Lacticaseibacillus zeae | Lactobacillus zeae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | corn steep liquor | Lagier2016, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.6-47.9 | ||||
Lacticigenium naphtae | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Likely not a gut coloniser since it doesn't grow at body temperature | crude oil-water | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Carnobacteriaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38 | |||||
Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum | Lactobacillus paraplantarum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hammes2011Bergey) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44–45 | ||||
Lactiplantibacillus pentosus | Lactobacillus pentosus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, blood, corn silage, fermenting olives, and sewage | DalBello2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46–47 | ||||
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | Lactobacillus plantarum | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Reduces quinate to dihydroshikimate. Able to reduce alpha-keto acids (pyruvate, a-ketobutyrate, a-ketovalerate, a-ketocaprylate) when fermenting mannitol with lactate dehydrogenase. Produces GABA (Sahad2020). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, gall, urine, trachea - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45 | |||
Lactiplantibacillus xiangfangensis | Lactobacillus xiangfangensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and traditional Chinese fermented pickle | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 46.6 | ||||||
Lactobacillus acidophilus | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Heilig2002, Woodmansey2004, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Moore1995 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34–37 | |||
Lactobacillus amylolyticus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | malt-mash, malt and human faeces | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39 | ||||
Lactobacillus amylovorus | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and cattle waste fermentation | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.8 | |||||
Lactobacillus crispatus | Positive | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces and clinical sources (UTI, pleurisy, abscess) | Finegold1977, Heilig2002, DalBello2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 35–38 | ||||
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus | Lactobacillus bulgaricus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | yoghurt and cheese; human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy and coeliac children) and clinical sources (bile, vagina - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50 | |||
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii | Lactobacillus delbrueckii | Positive | 1 | Minor | Transient | Rare Opportunist | In 12% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine) | Heilig2002, MacFarlane2004, Bik2006, DalBello2006, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49-51 | ||
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis | Lactobacillus lactis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | milk, cheese, compressed yeast and grain mash | Finegold1977, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49-51 | ||||
Lactobacillus equicursoris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a thoroughbred racehorse | Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 48.3 | ||||||
Lactobacillus gasseri | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (CCUG, Sanz2007), vagina, oral cavity and clinical sources (wounds, blood, urine) | Benno1986, Benno1989, Heilig2002, DalBello2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 33–35 | ||||
Lactobacillus gigeriorum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a chicken crop | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 41.9 | ||||||
Lactobacillus hamsteri | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | hamster faeces | Zupancic2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.1 | |||||
Lactobacillus helveticus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | A probiotic, but only present in the faeces of 3% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, and Isolated from sour milk, and cheese starter cultures | Finegold1977, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37-40 | 2(neg) | ||
Lactobacillus hominis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human intestine | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 42.8 | |||||||
Lactobacillus iners | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Rare coloniser. | clinical sources (urine, vagina, wound) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.4 | |||
Lactobacillus intestinalis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rat and mice intestines. Detected in human faeces | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32.5-35.4 | |||||
Lactobacillus jensenii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (vagina, kidney, cervix, urine) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 35–37 | |||||
Lactobacillus johnsonii | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood) and other animal faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 33–35 | ||||||
Lactobacillus kalixensis | Positive | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 24% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and human stomach (gastric mucosa) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.5 | |||
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | kefir grains | Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.3-38.2 | |||||
Lactobacillus leichmannii | Positive | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Lactobacillus pasteurii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | unknown origin | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.4 | |||||||
Lactobacillus psittaci | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | lungs of a dead hyacinth macaw | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Lactobacillus rogosae | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59 | |||||
Lactobacillus timonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Lactobacillus ultunensis | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and human stomach (gastric mucosa) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.7 | |||||
Lactococcus cremoris | Streptococcus cremoris | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | cheese and dairy products, clinical sources (blood -CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Lagier2016, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.0-36.1 | ||||
Lactococcus garvieae | Streptococcus garvieae | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, perfusion fluid - CCUG), waste whey, wastewater, farm animals and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38.3-38.7 | ||
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis | Lactococcus lactis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG), sour milk, cheese starter cultures and human faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Taylor1985, Mangin2004, Woodmansey2004, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 33.4-36.3 | 40(+) | |
Lactococcus petauri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an abscess of a sugar glider | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37.7 | ||||||
Lactococcus plantarum | Streptococcus plantarum | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 5% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. Probiotic. | human faeces, and frozen peas | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.9-38.1 | ||
Lactococcus raffinolactis | Streptococcus raffinolactis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 13% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, wastewater, and raw milk | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40-43 | |||
Lactonifactor longoviformis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 56% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.0 | ||||
Lacunisphaera limnophila | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a freshwater lake | New2022 | Verrucomicrobia | Opitutae | Opitutaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 66.5 | ||||||
Lagierella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy child from Senegal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32 | ||||||
Lancefieldella parvula | Atopobium parvulum | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Also known as Anaerostipes sp 3 2 56FAA and Peptostreptococcus parvulus | dental disease, clinical sources (wound, blood, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Benno1986, Benno1989, Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35-41 | ||||
Lancefieldella rimae | Lactobacillus rimae | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 11% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | dental disease, clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-46 | ||||
Lapidilactobacillus dextrinicus | Lactobacillus dextrinicus | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a brewery (silage) and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.6 | |||||
Laribacter hongkongensis | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Spirochete | No spore | 68 | ||||
Lascolabacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy child from Senegal | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Latilactobacillus curvatus | Lactobacillus curvatus | Positive | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sanz2007), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, joint, blood - CCUG), cow dung, fermented food and silage | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | vr | Rod - curved | No spore | 42–44 | |||
Latilactobacillus sakei | Lactobacillus sakei | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, blood and fermented foods | Heilig2002, DalBello2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42-44 | |||
Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus | Lactobacillus sake subsp. carnosus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermented meat products, sauerkraut and other fermented plant material | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 42-44 | |||||
Lautropia mirabilis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human mouth (including sputum, abscess, gingiva - CCUG) | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 64.6-65.4 | |||||
Lawsonella clevelandensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | a spinal abscess | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Lawsonellaceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 58.6 | ||||||
Lawsonia intracellularis | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Intracellular pathogen of pigs. | epithelial cells in the ilea of pigs | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | ||||
Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Sakamoto2018a) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | 20(neg) | ||||
Leclercia adecarboxylata | Escherichia adecarboxylata | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (throat, blood, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG; including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.4-54.8 | ||||
Lederbergia galactosidilyticus | Bacillus galactosidilyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | raw milk | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Short Rod | Endospore | 35.7-38.2 | ||||
Lederbergia lentus | Bacillus lentus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.3 | |||
Legionella bozemanae | Fluoribacter bozemanae | 2 | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | potable water and lungs. Causes pneumonia | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Legionellaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 43 | ||||
Legionella pneumophila | 2 | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | lungs. Cause of legionellosis | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Legionellaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39-41 | |||||
Lelliottia amnigena | Enterobacter amnigenus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | trees (wetwood disease), soil, clinical sources (wound, infection - CCUG) and human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - including ulcerative colitis patients) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.2 | ||||
Lelliottia nimipressuralis | Enterobacter nimipressuralis | 1 | Plant pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | elm trees with a disease called wetwood | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59 | |||
Leminorella grimontii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Leminorella richardii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Lentibacillus massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Lentibacillus timonensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.4 | ||||||
Lentilactobacillus buchneri subsp. buchneri | Lactobacillus buchneri | Positive | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | silage, dairy products, the oral cavity and human faeces | Benno1986, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44–46 | |||
Lentilactobacillus diolivorans | Lactobacillus diolivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | maize silage, The Netherlands | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40 | ||||
Lentilactobacillus farraginis | Lactobacillus farraginis | Unknown | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | compost of distilled shochu residue | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | 41 | |||||
Lentilactobacillus hilgardii | Lactobacillus hilgardii | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | wines and human faeces | Tyakht2013, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39-41 | |||
Lentilactobacillus kefiri | Lactobacillus kefiri | Positive | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Probiotic. | kefir (sour milk) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.5 | ||
Lentilactobacillus kisonensis | Lactobacillus kisonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | non-salted pickle solution | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.8 | ||||||
Lentilactobacillus otakiensis | Lactobacillus otakiensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | non-salted pickle solution from Japan | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.6 | |||||
Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri | Lactobacillus parabuchneri | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces | DalBello2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 43-44 | ||||
Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis | Lactobacillus parafarraginis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | compost of distilled shochu residue | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-41 | |||||
Lentilactobacillus senioris | Lactobacillus senioris | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.8 | |||||
Leptospira interrogans | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | Consumes no carbohydrates or amino acids, just lipids. | kidneys | Lagier2016 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Leptospiralaceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 35 | |||
Leptotrichia amnionii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human amniotic fluid | Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Leptotrichia buccalis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, human mouth, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020, Zeller2014 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 25 | 20(+) | |||
Leptotrichia hofstadii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the saliva of a healthy volunteer | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | ||||||
Leptotrichia hongkongensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a blood culture of cancer patient and oral specimens | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | vr | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Leptotrichia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the respiratory tract | Lagier2016 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Leptotrichia shahii | Leptotrichia sp. LB37 | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | a patient with gingivitis | Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | ||||
Leptotrichia wadei | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 3% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | the saliva of a healthy volunteer | Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Leucobacter aridicollis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | activated sludge containing chromium waste and human faeces | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 67.3 | |||||
Leuconostoc carnosum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Sanz2007 -coeliac children) and vacuum-packaged meat | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39 | ||||
Leuconostoc citreum | Holdemania sp AP2 | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, food, and clinical sources (blood) | Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38.0-40.3 | ||
Leuconostoc gelidum | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and packed meat | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37 | |||||
Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Inability to grow at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | spoiled marinated broiler meat strips | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37 | ||||
Leuconostoc holzapfelii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Slime is produced from sucrose | fermented coffee, Ethiopia | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 43.5 | |||||
Leuconostoc inhae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy children) and Korean kimchi | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.9 | ||||
Leuconostoc kimchii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | kimchii, Korea | Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 37 | |||||
Leuconostoc lactis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Transient | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, urine) and dairy fermentation | Heilig2002, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43-45 | ||||
Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris | Leuconostoc cremoris | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dairy and other fermenting food | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 37-39 | ||||
Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (Sanz2007 - healthy and coeliac children) and clinical sources (CCUG - blood, wound, abscess, bile) | Heilig2002, DalBello2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 37-41 | |||
Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Bilen2018e), clinical sources (blood, human joint) and a starter | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.1-40.8 | ||||
Levilactobacillus brevis | Lactobacillus brevis | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Produces GABA (Sahab2020). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (infection, blood), fermented food and rats | Finegold1977, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 44–47 | ||||
Levilactobacillus brevis subsp. gravesensis | Lactobacillus brevis subsp. gravesensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | dairy and other fermenting food | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44-47 | |||||
Levilactobacillus namurensis | Lactobacillus namurensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | an artisanal sourdough manufactured with wheat, rye and spelt flour, Belgium | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52 | |||||
Levilactobacillus parabrevis | Lactobacillus parabrevis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | wheat and cheese | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49 | |||||
Levyella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | + | Coccus | ||||||||||||
Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis | Lactobacillus acidipiscis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermented fish from Thailand and halloumi cheese | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.6-41.5 | ||||
Ligilactobacillus agilis | Lactobacillus agilis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | animal faeces, sewage | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 43–44 | ||||
Ligilactobacillus animalis | Lactobacillus animalis | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources ( blood, abscess, wound - CCUG), human dental plaque, animal faeces | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41–44 | |||
Ligilactobacillus ceti | Lactobacillus ceti | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the lungs of a beaked whale | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Ligilactobacillus equi | Lactobacillus equi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | horse faecal specimens | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.9 | |||||
Ligilactobacillus murinus | Lactobacillus murinus | 1 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces, sourdough, clinical sources (blood, drainage fluid, skin infection - CCUG) and animal intestines | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43-44 | |||
Ligilactobacillus pobuzihii | Lactobacillus pobuzihii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | pobuzihi (fermented cummingcordia), Taiwan | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.2 | ||||||
Ligilactobacillus ruminis | Lactobacillus ruminis | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, rumen, and sewage | Heilig2002, Walker2011, Pandey2012, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | ANA | Pili | Rod | No spore | 44–47 | |||
Ligilactobacillus salivarius | Lactobacillus salivarius | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, vagina, gall, abscess - CCUG), oral cavity and other animal intestines | Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Heilig2002, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Moore1995, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 34-36 | |||
Limnobacter thiooxidans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and freshwater sediment | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 55 | ||||
Limnochorda pilosa | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | meromictic lake sediment, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Limnochordia | Limnochordaceae | neg | FANA | Pleiomorph rod | Endospore | 71 | ||||||
Limosilactobacillus antri | Lactobacillus antri | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human gastric mucosa | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.9 | |||||
Limosilactobacillus caccae | Lactobacillus caccae | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.4 | |||||
Limosilactobacillus coleohominis | Lactobacillus coleohominis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and human sources (vagina, urinary tract) | RajilicStojanovic2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Limosilactobacillus fermentum | Lactobacillus fermentum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (wound, blood, respiratory tract - CCUG), sewage, and mouth | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Heilig2002, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Rod | No spore | 52–54 | |||
Limosilactobacillus frumenti | Lactobacillus frumenti | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rye-bran fermentation | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.3-44.4 | ||||
Limosilactobacillus gastricus | Lactobacillus gastricus | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, and human gastric mucosa | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.3 | ||
Limosilactobacillus ingluviei | Lactobacillus ingluviei | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | pigeon crops and intestines | Lagier2016, Hu2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 49 | ||||
Limosilactobacillus mucosae | Lactobacillus mucosae | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 4% of Europeans (unseenbio.com), i.e., a rare coloniser. | pig intestine, sourdough and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.5 | |||
Limosilactobacillus oris | Lactobacillus oris | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, and saliva | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49–51 | |||
Limosilactobacillus reuteri | Lactobacillus reuteri | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (vagina, blood - CCUG), sourdough and meat products | Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 40–42 | ||
Limosilactobacillus vaginalis | Lactobacillus vaginalis | 1 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 3% of Europeans, so a rare coloniser. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (vaginosis, blood, drainage fluid) | Heilig2002, DalBello2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38-41 | |||
Limosilactobacillus walteri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and used as a probiotic | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | No spore | 38.8 | ||||||||
Liquorilactobacillus mali | Lactobacillus mali | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermenting wine, cider and molasses | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 32.5 | ||||
Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis | Lactobacillus satsumensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | shochu mash from Japan | Lagier2016, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39-41 | ||||
Liquorilactobacillus vini | Lactobacillus vini | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | wine | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39.4 | |||||
Listeria floridensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | running water from the USA | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.8 | ||||||
Listeria grayi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources, food and vegetation | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41-42.5 | |||||
Listeria innocua | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), clinical sources, food and the environment | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | |||||
Listeria ivanovii | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), clinical sources and is pathogenic to animals | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36–38 | |||||
Listeria marthii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil and water, United States | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | |||||||
Listeria monocytogenes | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, fetus - CCUG) and the environment | Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 37–39 | |||
Listeria seeligeri | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), soil and environment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36 | |||
Listeria welshimeri | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (McLauchlin2011Bergey), soil and environment | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Listeriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36 | ||||
Litchfieldia alkalitelluris | Bacillus alkalitelluris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | sandy soil, Korea | Cassir2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.9 | |||||
Loigolactobacillus bifermentans | Lactobacillus bifermentans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | in Edam and Gouda cheeses | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 45 | ||||
Loigolactobacillus coryniformis | Lactobacillus coryniformis | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, silage, bovine faeces and sewage | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 45 | |||||
Loigolactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | silage, cow faeces, sewage | Woodmansey2004 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 45 | ||||||
Longicatena caecimuris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse caeca | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Lutispora thermophila | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | A high optimum growth temperature (55-58C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | a thermophilic methanogenic bioreactor digesting municipal solid wastes, Japan | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.2 | ||||
Luxibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (non-small cell lung cancer patient) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 44.4 | |||||||
Lysinibacillus boronitolerans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Tolerates 100 mM boron, with some strains able to grow with 150 mM boron. | contaminated soil from Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.5 | ||||
Lysinibacillus fusiformis | Bacillus fusiformis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hoyles2012), and soil | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35-36 | |||
Lysinibacillus macroides | Bacillus macroides | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | cow faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.2 | ||||
Lysinibacillus meyeri | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a medical practise | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.1 | |||||
Lysinibacillus sphaericus | Bacillus sphaericus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | soil, environment, food, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Taylor1985, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37-38.3 | |||
Lysinibacillus varians | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can grow in the presence of 150 mM borate | waste-contaminated sediment in China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Filamentous | Endospore | 43.2 | |||||
Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | forest humus in Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.2 | ||||||
Lysobacter soli | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 65.4 | ||||||
Macellibacteroides fermentans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an abattoir waste treatment filter | Cassir2015, Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.4 | ||||||
Macrococcus caseolyticus | Staphylococcus caseolyticus | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (newborn infection) | Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-39 | |||
Mageeibacillus indolicus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, vagina, and clinical sources | King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Hungateiclostridiaceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.2 | ||||||
Mahella australiensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | an oil well, Australia | New2022, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV. Incertae Sedis | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 55.5 | ||||
Mailhella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Byrd2020, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Mameliella alba | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | surface sea water, China | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Roseobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.7 | ||||||
Mammaliicoccus fleurettii | Staphylococcus fleurettii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | goat’s milk cheeses | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31-32 | ||||
Mammaliicoccus lentus | Staphylococcus lentus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the skin and udders of goats and sheep | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29.8-34.2 | ||||
Mammaliicoccus sciuri | Staphylococcus sciuri | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | animal, soil, water sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.7 | |||||
Mammaliicoccus vitulinus | Staphylococcus vitulinus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, meat, and animals | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.5 | |||
Mannheimia granulomatis | Pasteurella granulomatis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | diseased cattle | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 39.2 | |||
Mannheimia haemolytica | Pasteurella haemolytica | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | cattle and sheep with pneumonia and septicaemia | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43.6 | |||
Mannheimia succiniciproducens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | bovine rumen | Tyakht2013 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Marasmitruncus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Marseilla massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the right colon of a patient | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Marseillibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2016b) | Lagier2016, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | ||||||||
Marvinbryantia formatexigens | Bryantella formatexigens | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.3 | ||||
Massilia aurea | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and drinking water | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.0 | ||||
Massilia brevitalea | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows best at 15C, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | botanical garden soil, Germany | McLaughlin2010 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 65.3 | ||||
Massilia haematophila | Naxibacter haematophilus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Massilia norwichensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and air sample | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Massilia timonae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Significant variation reported for assimilation of some substrates between references. Kampfer2011 used to override discrepancies. Likely a gut non-coloniser. | clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64.6 | |||
Massilia varians | Naxibacter varians | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (eye - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||
Massilibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2017) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Massilibacterium senegalense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2016c) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.7 | ||||||
Massilicoli timonensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichales | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.0 | ||||||
Massiliimalia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.2 | ||||||
Massiliimalia timonensis | Massilimalia timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 67% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Afouda2018a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.9 | |||||
Massilimicrobiota timonensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 98% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Tall2019) | Lagier2016, Jeong2021 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 31.8 | |||||
Massilioclostridium coli | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 98% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human left colon (Lo2017) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.0 | |||||
Massiliprevotella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Massilistercora timonensis | Mordavella sp. Marseille-P3756 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | New2022, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.2 | |||||
Mediterranea massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the colon of a patient | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.7 | ||||||
Mediterraneibacter faecis | Ruminococcus faecis | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Yang2020, Jeong2021, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43.4 | |||||
Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus | Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.7-46.2 | |||
Mediterraneibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Togo2018a) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 42.4 | |||||||
Megalodesulfovibrio gigas | Desulfovibrio gigas | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | saltwater, sewage | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 60.2 | ||||
Megamonas funiformis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32.9 | |||||
Megamonas hypermegale | Bacteroides hypermegas | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and turkey intestines | Moore1974, Benno1986, Benno1989, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, King2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32-34 | ||||
Megamonas rupellensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and duck caecum | Rothschild2018, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 33 | ||||||
Megasphaera cerevisiae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | spoiled bottled beer | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.4-44.8 | |||||
Megasphaera elsdenii | Peptostreptococcus elsdenii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and Sheep rumen and other animal faeces | Finegold1974, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 53.1-54.1 | |||
Megasphaera indica | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lanjekar2014) | Lagier2016, Zou2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 54.9-57.7 | |||||
Megasphaera massiliensis | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (HIV patient - Padmanabhan2013) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 50.2 | ||||||
Megasphaera micronuciformis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical specimens | Lagier2016, Zou2019, De2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 46.4 | ||||
Megasphaera stantonii | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | chicken caeca | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52.1 | neg | |||||
Meiothermus silvanus | Thermus silvanus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | A high minimum growth temperature (40C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | hot springs, Portugal | Cassir2015, Vachida2019 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Thermaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.6 | |||
Merdibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and ileum (Ricaboni2016a) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Merdimonas faecis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Seo2017) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.0 | |||||||
Mesobacillus jeotgali | Bacillus jeotgali | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | traditional Korean fermented seafood (jeotgal) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41 | ||||
Mesobacillus subterraneus | Bacillus subterraneus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Is able to reduce Fe(III) and Mn(IV) in addition to Nitrate | an Australian subsurface thermal aquifer | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 43 | |||
Mesorhizobium australicum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and probable low optimum growth temperature suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | legume pasture species, Australia | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.0 | |||||
Mesorhizobium jarvisii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | root nodules | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.7 | |||||
Mesorhizobium loti | Rhizobium loti | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and plant symbiosis | RajilicStojanovic2014, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59–64 | ||||
Mesorhizobium muleiense | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 28C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | chickpea rhizobia, China | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | |||||
Mesosutterella multiformis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2018b) | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.9 | 20(w) | ||||||
Metabacillus galliciensis | Bacillus galliciensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temp is low (20C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and seahorse faeces | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48.1 | ||||
Metabacillus idriensis | Bacillus idriensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a newborn child with sepsis | McLaughlin2010 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | 41.2 | |||||||
Metabacillus litoralis | Bacillus litoralis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Korean tidal flats | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.2 | ||||
Metabacillus niabensis | Bacillus niabensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mushroom compost | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.7-40.8 | ||||
Metakosakonia massiliensis | Enterobacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, Lagier2013) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | No spore | 55.1 | ||||||
Metamycoplasma anseris | Mycoplasma anseris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | geese phallus and cloaca, Hungary | New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | unk | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 24.7-26.0 | ||||
Metaprevotella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the ileum of a patient | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus | Methanobacterium arbophilicum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Autotrophic, converting H2/CO2 to methane. | wetwood enrichment cultures and paddy field soils | Lagier2016 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 27.5 | |||
Methanobrevibacter millerae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses H2/CO2 or formate to produce methane. Requires acetate and yeast extract components for growth. | ovine and bovine rumen | Lagier2016 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 31-32 | S | |||
Methanobrevibacter oralis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires H2/CO2 and produces methane. Fecal extract (with VFA) was required for growth. | subgingival dental plaque | Lagier2016, De2020 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 28 | ||||
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium | Methanobacterium ruminantium | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses H2 and formate to produce methane. Widely distributed in the rumen of various animals. | rumen contents | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Methanobrevibacter smithii | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (gut) and sludge | Nam2008a, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, King2019, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 30.6 | |||||
Methanococcus voltae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses only H2 and/or formate with CO2 as an electron acceptor, producing methane in the process. | anaerobic sediments and water | Qin2012 | Euryarchaeota | Methanococci | Methanococcaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 30.7 | ||||
Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Borrel2013) | King2019 | Euryarchaeota | Thermoplasmata | Methanomassiliicoccaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | 41.3 | |||||||
Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Dridi2012) | Lagier2016 | Candidatus Thermoplasmatota | Thermoplasmata | Methanomassiliicoccaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 59.9 | ||||||
Methanomethylophilus alvus | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | A methanogen consuming methanol. | human faeces | Candidatus Thermoplasmatota | Thermoplasmata | Candidatus Methanomethylophilaceae | 55.6 | |||||||||||
Methanosphaera stadtmanae | Methanosphaera stadtmaniae | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human large intestine (Miller1985) | Nam2008a, Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, De2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Karlsson2013 | Euryarchaeota | Methanobacteria | Methanobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 25.8 | 20(+) | |||
Methylibium petroleiphilum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unable to grow at 37C so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. Degrades methyl t-butylether. | a compost biofilter, USA. Possible animal faecal material origin | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sphaerotilaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69 | ||||
Methylobacterium adhaesivum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and drinking water | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.6 | ||||
Methylobacterium brachiatum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | water samples, Japan | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 69.2-69.7 | ||||
Methylobacterium jeotgali | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces, and fermented seafood | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64.9 | ||||
Methylobacterium mesophilicum | Pseudomonas mesophilica | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces, and plant leaves | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.8 | ||
Methylobacterium organophilum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and low growth temperatures of 25-31C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | sediment of a lake, USA | Li2019b | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 66 | ||||
Methylobacterium oryzae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | rice and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 70.6 | ||||
Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | rice and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.8 | |||||
Methylobacterium radiotolerans | Pseudomonas radiora | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | rice grains and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 72.3 | |||
Methylomusa anaerophila | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Carbohydrates are not used for growth. | sludge, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Sporomusaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 46.6 | |||||
Methylorubrum aminovorans | Methylobacterium aminovorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Japan | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 68.0 | ||||
Methylorubrum extorquens | Methylobacterium extorquens | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.4 | |||
Methylorubrum populi | Methylobacterium populi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and poplar tree rhizosphere | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 70.4 | |||
Methylorubrum thiocyanatum | Methylobacterium thiocyanatum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can utilise potassium thiocyanate as a nitrogen source and this compound as well as thiosulfate or tetrathionate as chemolithotrophic energy sources. Obligate aerobe so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil from around tree roots | McLaughlin2010 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 68.5 | |||
Methylorubrum zatmanii | Methylobacterium zatmanii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and fermentor | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.4-70.3 | |||
Methyloversatilis discipulorum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can fix nitrogen. | freshwater lake sediment, United States | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodocyclaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.6 | |||||
Methyloversatilis universalis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and contaminated soil | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Rhodocyclaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64-65 | |||||
Microbacterium aurum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and corn steep liquor | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.2 | |||||
Microbacterium chocolatum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and culture contamination | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.5 | ||||
Microbacterium deminutum | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | soil, Japan | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69 | ||||
Microbacterium esteraromaticum | Aureobacterium esteraromaticum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Poor growth at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 68.8 | |||
Microbacterium foliorum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | phyllosphere of grasses, mulch and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | ||||
Microbacterium ginsengisoli | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces and soil from Korea | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.4 | ||||
Microbacterium gubbeenense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | smear-ripened cheese and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69-72 | |||||
Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and oil-contaminated soil | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Microbacterium kitamiense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | wastewater, Japan | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.2 | ||||
Microbacterium lacticum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and blood | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Microbacterium liquefaciens | Aureobacterium liquefaciens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | milk, cheese and other dairy products | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 68.6 | |||
Microbacterium luteolum | Aureobacterium luteolum | 1 | Non | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces, and soil, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66-72 | |||
Microbacterium maritypicum | Flavobacterium marinotypicum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | seawater and marine mud | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 71.6 | |||
Microbacterium mitrae | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Korean salted Turbin shell and human faeces | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 73.1 | ||||||
Microbacterium natoriense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, Japan | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.1 | ||||
Microbacterium oleivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | oil storage, blood and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Microbacterium oxydans | Brevibacterium oxydans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | contaminated hospital material | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 70-71 | |||
Microbacterium paraoxydans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.9 | ||||
Microbacterium phyllosphaerae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | phyllosphere of grasses, mulch and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64 | ||||
Microbacterium saccharophilum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a sugar-refining factory | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 73 | |||||
Microbacterium schleiferi | Aureobacterium schleiferi | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, clinical samples (blood - CCUG) and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.9 | |||
Microbacterium sediminicola | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and river sediment | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Rod | No spore | 67.8 | ||||||
Microbacterium testaceum | Brevibacterium testaceum | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 37C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces and Chinese paddies | Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.4-72.7 | |||
Microbispora rosea | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil samples, Japan | PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptosporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 69.9 | |||||
Micrococcus cohnii | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and air sample | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70.4 | ||||||
Micrococcus endophyticus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces and plant roots | Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 72.9 | |||||
Micrococcus luteus | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Data combined for biovars I, II and III | sludge, painting, clinical samples (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Taylor1985, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Hoyles2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70-71 | ||||
Micrococcus lylae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hoyles2012), and old painting | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Micrococcus terreus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | forest soil, China | De2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 67.2 | ||||||
Microlunatus phosphovorus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and activated sludge | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 67.9 | ||||
Micromonospora aurantiaca | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micromonosporaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 72.8 | |||||
Micropruina glycogenica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Able to accumulate large amounts of glycogen; grows slowly | an activated sludge reactor | Cassir2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 70.5 | ||||
Microvirga aerophila | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and air sample from Korea | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.2 | |||||
Microvirga massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Methylobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63 | |||||
Microvirgula aerodenitrificans | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (diarrhoea - CCUG), and activated sludge | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Chromobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 65 | |||||
Millionella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Miniphocaeibacter massiliensis | Miniphocibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | ANA | Coccus | ||||||||
Mitsuokella jalaludinii | 1 | Minor | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 16% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, and bovine rumen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.9 | ||||
Mitsuokella multacida | Bacteroides multiacidus | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Reported to ferment gluconate to acetate and lactate in pigs. | human faeces and livestock animals | Benno1986, Benno1989, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56-58 | 20(neg) | ||
Mixta calida | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | infant formula, clinical samples (wound, blood - CCUG) and human faeces (infant - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 57.4 | ||||||
Mixta intestinalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Prakash2015) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.1 | |||||||
Mobilibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2017d) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | ANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Mobilibacterium timonense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis | neg | ANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Mobilicoccus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a child from Nigeria with kwashiorkor | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 70.5 | ||||||
Mobiluncus curtisii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and vagina | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | vr | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 51-52 | |||||
Moellerella wisconsensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (wound, sputum, peritoneum exsudate - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Mogibacterium diversum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Causes Illness | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Mogibacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42 | ||||
Mogibacterium neglectum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Causes Illness | dental disease and human faeces | Wang2005, Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Mogibacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41-42 | |||||
Mogibacterium pumilum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Produces phenylacetate as the sole end product of PY or PYG broth; otherwise mostly inert to biochemical tests. | periodontal pockets | Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Mogibacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-46 | ||||
Mogibacterium timidum | Eubacterium timidum | 2 | Rare | Transient | Causes Illness | dental disease and human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Mogibacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-46 | 20(neg) | |||
Mogibacterium vescum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Causes Illness | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Mogibacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46 | |||||
Monoglobus pectinilyticus | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 34% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Kim2017) | Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37.2 | |||||
Moorella glycerini | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | There is no growth at 42C or below, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. Homoacetogen. Able to use the following electron donors: glycerol, sugars, pyruvate. | hot springs, USA | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermoanaerobacteraceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 64.5 | ||||
Moraxella catarrhalis | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40-43 | ||
Moraxella osloensis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces, and is parasitic | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43-43.5 | |||
Mordavella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Morganella morganii | Proteus morganii | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, animals and clinical sources (trachea, blood, urine - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 50 | ||
Moryella indoligenes | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, human gut, and clinical sources (abscesses) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.2 | |||||
Mucispirillum schaedleri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the gastrointestinal mucus of rodents | Deferribacteres | Deferribacteres | Mucispirillaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | ||||||||
Murdochiella asaccharolytica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | wound specimens | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | ||||||||
Murdochiella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy child from Senegal | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 48.9 | ||||||
Murdochiella vaginalis | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 4% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | a vaginal sample from an ill patient, France | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 49.5 | |||||
Muribaculum gordoncarteri | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse faeces | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 49.5 | ||||||
Muribaculum intestinale | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 31% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | the intestines of mice | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49.9 | |||||
Murimonas intestini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and mouse gut | Forster2019, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 44.0 | ||||||
Mycobacterium abscessus | Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, respiratory tract, blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.1 | |||
Mycobacterium avium | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (sputum), and bird TB | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 70 | ||||
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis | Mycobacterium paratuberculosis | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Difficult to cultivate. Pathogenic. Unlikely coloniser in healthy people. | diseased cattle. Implicated as a contributing factor in Crohn's disease | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 69.3 | |||
Mycobacterium colombiense | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the blood of an HIV patient | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Mycobacterium florentinum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (sputum) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.4 | |||||
Mycobacterium fortuitum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum, blood, abscess - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.4 | |||||
Mycobacterium gastri | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a gastric lavage (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Mycobacterium gordonae | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (brochial lavage - CCUG) and gastric lavage (CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.6 | ||||
Mycobacterium interjectum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a child with cervical lymphadenitis | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Mycobacterium kansasii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | pulmonary legions | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Mycobacterium lentiflavum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | a patient with spondylodiscitis | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.8 | |||||
Mycobacterium simiae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | healthy monkeys and clinical sources (pulmonary disease) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Mycobacterium terrae | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (gastric lavage and sputum) and soil | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 3 | Vaccine available, zoonotic pathogen | Non | Transient | Dangerous Pathogen | cases of tuberculosis | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.6 | ||||
Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant africanum | Mycobacterium africanum | 3 | Vaccine available, zoonotic pathogen | Non | Transient | Dangerous Pathogen | tuberculosis patients from Senegal | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis | Mycobacterium bovis | 3 | Vaccine available, zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Dangerous Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | tuberculosis in cattle, man and other animals | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.6 | ||
Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. bolletii | Mycobacterium bolletii | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Associated with chronic pneumonia. Multidrug-resistant species. Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | sputum and stomach aspirate | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Mycolicibacterium aubagnense | Mycobacterium aubagnense | 2 | Non | Transient | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and bronchial aspirate | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65 | ||||
Mycolicibacterium cosmeticum | Mycobacterium cosmeticum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (18-yr-old - CCUG) and clinical sources | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Mycolicibacterium houstonense | Mycobacterium houstonense | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | face wound | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Mycobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 64 | ||||
Mycolicibacterium mageritense | Mycobacterium mageritense | 2 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | sputum | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Mycobacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67 | ||||
Mycolicibacterium neoaurum | Mycobacterium neoaurum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical isolates and soil | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Mycobacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||
Mycoplasma hominis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sinus, amniotic membrane - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | neg | FANA | Coccobacillus | No spore | 33.7 | |||||
Mycoplasma muris | Malacoplasma muris | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mice | De2020 | Tenericutes | Mycoplasmoidales | Malacoplasma | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 24.9 | ||||
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | neg | FANA | Gliding | Filamentous | No spore | 38.6 | ||||
Mycoplasmopsis arginini | Mycoplasma arginini | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | Energy sources is arginine and not urea or glucose. Requires cholesterol. | mammals, including septicaemia in immunocompromised patients | New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | neg | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 27.6 | |||
Mycoplasmopsis californica | Mycoplasma californicum | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Causes bovine mastitis. Requires cholesterol. | udders and milk of cows and ewes | New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | neg | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 31.9 | |||
Myroides odoratimimus | Flavobacterium odoratum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (wound, urine, pus) and water | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 30-35 | |||
Myroides odoratus | Flavobacterium odoratum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical sources (serum, urine) | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35-38 | |||
Nakamurella multipartita | Microsphaera multipartita | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and low optimum growth temperature (25C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | an activated sludge reactor | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nakamurellaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 67.5 | |||
Nanosynbacter lyticus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate epibiotic parasite. | the surface of other oral cavity-residing Actinomyces odontolyticus | New2022 | Candidatus Saccharibacteria | Candidatus Saccharimonia | Candidatus Nanosynbacteraceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | |||||||
Natronorubrum bangense | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires minimum 12% salt concentration and high pH to grow. Therefore likely to be a gut non-coloniser. | a soda lake, Tibet | New2022 | Euryarchaeota | Halobacteria | Natrialbaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 59.9 | ||||
Nautilia nitratireducens | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temperature is 55C so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. Can use thiosulfate, sulfur and nitrate as terminal electron acceptors. | a deep-sea hydrothermal vent | Diamanti2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Nautiliaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36.0 | |||||
Ndongobacter massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | a urine sample after a kidney transplant | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Firmicutes sensu stricto incertae sedis | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | |||||||||
Necropsobacter rosorum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52.5 | ||||||||
Negativibacillus massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 53% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human left colon and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Firmicutes sensu stricto incertae sedis | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 45.4 | |||||
Negativicoccus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Negativicoccus succinicivorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Neglecta timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bessis2016b) | Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | + | SANA | Rod | |||||||||
Neisseria bacilliformis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical specimens (sputa, lung abscess, oral infections, blood) | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Neisseria canis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | throats of cats and clinical sources (cat bite) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50 | ||||
Neisseria cinerea | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (nasopharynx, eye, proctitis - CCUG) and human faeces. | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 49–51 | ||||
Neisseria elongata | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (appendix, nasopharynx, blood - CCUG) | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplobacilli | No spore | 53 | |||||
Neisseria flava | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, oropharynx and nasopharynx | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 49 | ||||
Neisseria flavescens | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (nasopharynx, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 46–50 | |||||
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 2 | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | Found only in humans. | patients with gonorrhoea (purulent venereal discharges), anorectal infections and other clinical sources | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50-53 | ||||
Neisseria lactamica | Neisseria lactamicus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Rarely pathogenic. The only Neisseria sp. to produce acid from lactose. | the nasopharynx of younger people | De2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 52 | ||
Neisseria macacae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | monkey isolates and human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50–51 | |||||
Neisseria meningitidis | 2 | Vaccine available | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Frequently found in a commensal (asymptomatic) state in the nasopharynx. Pathogenic. Unlikely to be a gut coloniser in healthy people. | causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis, and other clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50-52 | |||
Neisseria mucosa | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 50–52 | |||||
Neisseria oralis | Neisseria mucosa subsp. heidelbergensis | Negative | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and healthy gingiva | Yang2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52.6 | ||||
Neisseria perflava | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, sputum - CCUG) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | |||||
Neisseria polysaccharea | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Not known to cause human disease. | the pharynx of a healthy person | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 53 | ||||
Neisseria shayeganii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources (sputum, wound) | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | |||||||
Neisseria sicca | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, nasopharynx, sputum - CCUG). | Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 49-51.5 | |||||
Neisseria subflava | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 6% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (urine, wound, sputum - CCUG) | Wang2005, Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 48–51 | ||||
Neoactinobaculum massilliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the human oral cavity | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.9 | |||||||
Neobacillus bataviensis | Bacillus bataviensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, The Netherlands | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.6-40.1 | ||||
Neobacillus fumarioli | Bacillus fumarioli | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high optimum temperature suggest it is not a gut coloniser. Also requires low pH to grow. | geothermal soils and active and inactive fumaroles, Antarctica | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.7 | ||||
Neobacillus jeddahensis | Bacillus jeddahensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bittar2015) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 39.4 | |||||
Neobacillus massiliamazoniensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 34.1 | |||||||
Neobacillus niacini | Bacillus niacini | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | vr | Rod | Endospore | 37-39 | |||
Neobacillus pocheonensis | Bacillus pocheonensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a ginseng field, Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 44.9 | |||
Neobacillus soli | Bacillus soli | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, The Netherlands | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.1 | ||||
Neobittarella massiliensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 97% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Bilen2018) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Coccobacillus | |||||||||
Neofamilia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lagier2016, De2020) | Lagier2016, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales incertae sedis | ||||||||||||
Nesterenkonia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Edouard2014a) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 62.5 | ||||||
Nevskia ramosa | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temp is low (20-25C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and aquatic sources | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Nevskiaceae | neg | SAER | Gliding | No spore | 67.8 | |||||
Niallia nealsonii | Bacillus nealsonii | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and dust from clean area | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||
Niameybacter massiliensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2017) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Rod | |||||||||
Nigerium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a Nigerian child with kwashiorkor | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | FANA | Coccus | No spore | ||||||||
Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate alkaliphilic, requiring at least pH 8 to grow; unlikely gut commensal. Utilises nitriles and amides for energy, C and N sources. | soda lakes, Russia | Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Nitriliruptoria | Nitriliruptoraceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 70.8 | |||||
Nitrosomonas eutropha | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can tolerate 0.6M ammonia concentrations. Contains carboxysomes. | municipal and industrial sewage, eutrophic systems | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Nitrosomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 47.9-48.5 | |||||
Nocardia asteroides | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Contains aerial hyphae. | soil, water sources, sewage sludge and clinical sources (mycetoma infections) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Exospore | 63-69 | ||||
Nocardia brevicatena | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | Exospore | ||||||
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica | Nocardia cyriacigeorgici | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a patient suffering chronic bronchitis | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 68.1 | ||||
Nocardia mangyaensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | oil-contaminated soil, China | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 68.1 | |||||
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | guinea pig ear infection, soil and clinical sources | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | 66-67 | |||||
Nocardioides jensenii | Pimelobacter jensenii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | soil | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 68.8 | |||
Nocardioides kribbensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't grow at 37C, has high optimum pH and is aerobic, so an unlikely gut coloniser. | alkaline soil | Frank2007 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 73-74 | ||||
Nocardioides massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces (Dubourg2016) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardioidaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 71.0 | |||||
Nosocomiicoccus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Mishra2013c) and clinical sources (synovial fluid - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 36.4 | ||||||
Noviherbaspirillum massiliense | Herbaspirillum massiliense | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 59.7 | ||||
Novosphingobium capsulatum | Flavobacterium capsulatum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and distilled water | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63.1 | ||||
Numidum massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Alou2016d) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 52.1 | ||||||
Obesumbacterium proteus | Flavobacterium proteus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Hafniaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Oceanidesulfovibrio marinus | Desulfovibrio marinus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | phosphogypsum-contaminated marine sediment, Tunesia | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 60.4 | |||
Oceanithermus profundus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Doesn't grow below 40C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a deep-sea hydrothermal vent | New2022, Zeller2014 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Thermaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.9 | ||||
Oceanobacillus caeni | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hoyles2012), and activated sludge | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 33.6 | |||||
Oceanobacillus iheyensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | deep sea sediment | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.8 | ||||
Oceanobacillus jeddahense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an obese person from Saudi Arabia | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.1 | ||||||
Oceanobacillus manasiensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Apparently aerobic but lacks catalase and oxidase activities. | salt lakes, China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.7 | |||||
Oceanobacillus massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 40.4 | |||||
Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Likely gut non-coloniser because this organism doesn't grow below pH 9. | the skin of a fish | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.5 | ||||
Oceanobacillus picturae | Virgibacillus picturae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | old mural paintings | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.5 | |||
Oceanobacillus senegalensis | Positive | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Oceanobacillus sojae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soy sauce production equipment, Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.0 | ||||||
Oceanobacillus timonensis | Positive | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Ochrobactrum anthropi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum, blood, infection - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 56-59 | |||
Ochrobactrum intermedium | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG) | Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58 | ||||
Odoribacter laneus | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 42.4 | 20(neg) | ||||||
Odoribacter massiliensis | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 66% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | ||||||||||||||
Odoribacter splanchnicus | Bacteroides splanchnicus | Positive | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical samples (blood, wound, abscess - CCUG) | Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Odoribacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.3 | 20(+) | ||
Oenococcus oeni | Leuconostoc oenos | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Growth is not inhibited in the presence of 10% ethanol. Low optimum growth temperature and pH suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | wine fermentation | Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-42 | |||
Oerskovia turbata | Cellulomonas turbata | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Shows extensive branching, but lacks aerial hyphae. | soil | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Cellulomonadaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Filamentous | No spore | 70.5-75 | ||
Okadaella gastrococcus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Intracellular parasite. | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | neg | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | |||||||||
Olegusella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the vaginal flora of a patient with bacterial vaginosis | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 49.2 | ||||||
Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis | Desulfovibrio alaskensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can use sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfite to oxidise organic acids and alcohols. | oilfields, Alaska, United States | Tyakht2013, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 64.1 | |||
Oleidesulfovibrio vietnamensis | Desulfovibrio vietnamensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | production fluids from offshore oil fields, Vietnam | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 60.6 | |||||
Oligella urethralis | Moraxella urethralis | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the urinary tract and ear | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | AER | vr | Short Rod | No spore | 47 | |||
Olsenella congonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Olsenella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Lagier2016) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 63-64 | ||||||
Olsenella phocaeensis | Olsenella phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the right colon of a 60 yo patient | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | Endospore | |||||||
Olsenella profusa | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Differences in enzyme activities between published reports are labelled 'vr' and might represent strain variability. | human faeces, and oral cavity | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64 | ||||
Olsenella timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Olsenella uli | Lactobacillus uli | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64 | ||||
Olsenella urininfantis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | urine of a baby, France | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Oribacterium asaccharolyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires yeast extract for growth. | subgingival dental plaque | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 43.3 | S | ||||
Oribacterium parvum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | subgingival plaque | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 42.0-42.1 | |||||||
Oribacterium sinus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, and oral cavity (sinus) | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 42.4 | ||||
Ornithinibacillus contaminans | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a blood sample | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Ornithinibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | ||||||||||
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and avian respiratory system | Forster2019, King2019, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37-39 | ||||
Oscillibacter massiliensis | Oscilibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Oscillibacter ruminantium | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen of cattle, Korea | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.6 | ||||||
Oscillibacter valericigenes | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogen. | human faeces, and clam gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.9 | ||||
Oscillospira guillermondii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caecal contents of guinea pigs and rumen. It has also been detected in human faeces | Zupancic2012, Salonen2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Ottowia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Pseudomonadota | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 63.5 | |||||||
Oxalobacter formigenes | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, animal faeces, lakes and marine sediments | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Oxalobacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48-51 | |||||
Pacaella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an adult patient, France | Lagier2016 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Paenarthrobacter aurescens | Arthrobacter aurescens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 61.5 | ||||
Paenarthrobacter ilicis | Arthrobacter ilicis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | blighted foliage of some trees | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 61.5 | |||
Paenibacillus alvei | Bacillus alvei | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | a beehive and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 45–47 | ||
Paenibacillus amylolyticus | Bacillus amylolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46.3-46.6 | ||||
Paenibacillus anaericanus | Paenibacillus ginsengisoli | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the gut of an earthworm, Germany | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.6 | ||||
Paenibacillus antibioticophila | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (woman with multiresistant TB) | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49.1 | ||||||
Paenibacillus azoreducens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can reduce the azo dye remazol and decolourise it. | azo dye waste water | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47 | ||||
Paenibacillus barcinonensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | rice field and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 45 | ||||
Paenibacillus barengoltzii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | spacecraft facility, clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Paenibacillus borealis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fixes N2. Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | acid humus, Finland | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 54 | ||||
Paenibacillus bouchesdurhonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (severe acute marasmus - Pham2017b) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47.4 | ||||||
Paenibacillus chibensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | Hoyles2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52.5-53.2 | |||||
Paenibacillus chitinolyticus | Bacillus chitinolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical samples (pleural fluid - CCUG) and forest soil from Japan | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51-53 | ||||
Paenibacillus cineris | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil near a volcano in Antarctica | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.5 | |||||
Paenibacillus cookii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Antarctic volcanic soils | Hoyles2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.6 | |||||
Paenibacillus daejeonensis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | alkaline soil and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53 | ||||
Paenibacillus dendritiformis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 55 | |||||
Paenibacillus donghaensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 35C or above, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | sea sediment, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53.1 | |||||
Paenibacillus durus | Clostridium durum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and deep sea sediment | Benno1986, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50 | ||||
Paenibacillus faecis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Clermont2015a) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52.9 | ||||||
Paenibacillus favisporus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Xylanolytic. | old cow manure, Spain | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53 | ||||
Paenibacillus glucanolyticus | Bacillus glucanolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48.3-48.6 | ||||
Paenibacillus graminis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, rhizosphere, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52.1 | ||||
Paenibacillus ihuae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an ill patient, France | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49.6 | ||||||
Paenibacillus ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese patient - Togo2016c) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.2 | ||||||
Paenibacillus illinoisensis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47.6–48.3 | ||||
Paenibacillus jamilae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | corn compost, olive-mill waste | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40.6-40.8 | |||||
Paenibacillus kribbensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Korea | Zou2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48 | |||||
Paenibacillus lactis | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | raw and heat-treated milk and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.7 | ||||
Paenibacillus larvae | Bacillus larvae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | honeybee larva, and causes American foulbrood disease | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42-43 | ||||
Paenibacillus lautus | Bacillus lautus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical sources (cornea, blood - CCUG), soil and rat ticks | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50–52 | |||
Paenibacillus macerans | Bacillus macerans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Can fix N2 under anaerobic conditions. | composting plant material | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52-53 | ||
Paenibacillus motobuensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, tissue - CCUG) and soil from Japan | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47.0 | |||||
Paenibacillus mucilaginosus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil | New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 55.1-56.8 | |||||
Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can utilise naphthalene as a sole carbon source. Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | estuarine sediments and salt marsh rhizosphere | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49 | ||||
Paenibacillus odorifer | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can fix N2 under anaerobic conditions. Colonies produce a fruity odour. Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | wheat roots and vegetable purees | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 44 | ||||
Paenibacillus pabuli | Bacillus pabuli | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil and fodder | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48-50 | ||||
Paenibacillus pasadenensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an entrance floor | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Paenibacillus phocaensis | Paenibacillus phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a healthy infant, Niger | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||||
Paenibacillus polymyxa | Clostridium polymyxa | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | rhizosphere, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43-46 | ||||
Paenibacillus provencensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces and clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Paenibacillus pueri | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pu'er tea and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 56.6-58.4 | |||||
Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | rhizosphere, soil and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.9-51.3 | |||
Paenibacillus riograndensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | a plant rhizosphere, Brazil | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 55.1 | |||||
Paenibacillus rubinfantis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017b) that are salty | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 53.0 | |||||
Paenibacillus sabinae | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, rhizosphere, and soil | King2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 51.9-52.9 | |||||
Paenibacillus senegalensis | Bacillus senegalensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 48.2 | ||||
Paenibacillus senegalimassiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017b) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49.2 | |||||
Paenibacillus stellifer | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | food packaging | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 55.6 | ||||
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus | Bacillus thiaminolyticus | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, honey bee, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 52–54 | |
Paenibacillus timonensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Paenibacillus tuaregi | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pham2017b) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49.1 | ||||||
Paenibacillus typhae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an artificial wetland, China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 47.9 | ||||||
Paenibacillus urinalis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | urine | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||
Paenibacillus xylanilyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Xylanolytic. | air samples, Spain | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 50.5 | ||||
Paeniclostridium ghonii | Clostridium ghonii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources, and soil | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 30.2 | 20(neg) | ||||
Paeniclostridium sordellii | Clostridium sordellii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (wounds, abscesses), and animal sources | Finegold1974, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | vr | Rod | Endospore | 26 | 20(neg) | ||
Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and landfill sites in India | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 46.0 | |||||
Paludibacter jiangxiensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a rice paddy field, China | De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Paludibacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 42.8 | ||||||
Paludibacter propionicigenes | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Growth is poor at 33C or above, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | plant residue, Japan | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Paludibacteraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 39.3 | neg | |||
Paludibaculum fermentans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temp is low (20-28C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | littoral wetland, Russia | New2022 | Acidobacteria | Acidobacteriia | Bryobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.5 | |||||
Paludicola psychrotolerans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Chitinolytic, growing on chitin as the only carbon source | wetland soil, Tibet | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Rod | Endospore | 35.4 | |||||||
Pannonibacter phragmitetus | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | soda lake and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Stappiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64.6 | |||||
Pantoea agglomerans | Enterobacter agglomerans | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | aka Erwinia herbicola. Can reduce Fe(III) with acetate as an electron donor. | clinical sources (blood, sputum - CCUG) and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients) | Taylor1985, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49.7-60.6 | |||
Pantoea conspicua | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | blood, France | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 55.7 | ||||||
Pantoea eucalypti | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | eucalyptus dieback. Has also been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.5 | |||||||
Pantoea rodasii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and as Eucalypt leaf blight | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Erwiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 53.2 | ||||||
Pantoea septica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.3 | ||||||
Pantoea vagans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | eucalyptus showing blight, Uganda | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 55.4 | ||||||
Papillibacter cinnamivorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and an anaerobic digester | RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56 | |||||
Parabacteroides bouchesdurhonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 15% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG, Yimagou2020) | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.8 | |||||
Parabacteroides chinchillae | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 48% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | chinchilla (Chincilla lanigera) faeces | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.8 | R | ||||
Parabacteroides distasonis | Bacteroides distasonis | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44 | 20(+) | |||
Parabacteroides faecis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.1 | 20(+) | |||||
Parabacteroides goldsteinii | Bacteroides goldsteinii | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 69% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces and clinical sources (wound, abdominal fluid - CCUG) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43 | + | ||
Parabacteroides gordonii | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (wound, blood - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.6 | 20(+) | |||||
Parabacteroides johnsonii | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.2 | 20(+) | |||||
Parabacteroides massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Chen2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.7 | ||||||
Parabacteroides merdae | Bacteroides merdae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and clinical sources (infection - CCUG) | Benno1989, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43-46 | 20(+) | ||
Parabacteroides pacaensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.2 | |||||||
Parabacteroides pekinense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46.5 | |||||||
Parabacteroides provencensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.8 | |||||||
Parabacteroides timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 12% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2016a) | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Paraburkholderia fungorum | Burkholderia fungorum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical samples (lung, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and fungi | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62 | ||||
Paraburkholderia phytofirmans | Burkholderia phytofirmans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Inability to grow at 37C suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | onion roots, Canada | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.0-62.1 | ||||
Paracholeplasma brassicae | Acholeplasma brassicae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Cholesterol is not required. | broccoli | New2022 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Acholeplasmataceae | neg | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.5 | ||||
Paraclostridium benzoelyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces antimicrobials. | marine sediment samples, India | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 28.3 | ||||||
Paraclostridium bifermentans | Clostridium bifermentans | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical specimens including wounds, abscesses, and blood, and animal sources | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | ||
Paracoccus aminovorans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Japan | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 67-68 | |||||
Paracoccus carotinifaciens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 67 | |||||
Paracoccus denitrificans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | sewage, soil, manure and mud | Hu2019 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65-67 | |||||
Paracoccus haeundaensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and a Korean beach | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.9 | ||||
Paracoccus marcusii | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and poor growth at 35C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | an agar plate (contamination) | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 66 | ||||
Paracoccus marinus | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and seawater | McLaughlin2010, Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69 | |||||
Paracoccus sphaerophysae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | root nodules and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.1 | |||||
Paracoccus yeei | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, bile, and clinical sources (blood, eye, peritonitis - CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 62 | |||||
Paraeggerthella hongkongensis | Eggerthella hongkongensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017), and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 61.1-61.8 | ||||
Parafannyhessea umbonata | Olsenella umbonata | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | No spore | 20(+) | |||||||
Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | a salt lake, China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.5 | |||||
Paramuribaculum intestinale | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse gastrointestinal tract | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.1 | ||||||
Paraprevotella clara | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 91% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 48.1 | ||||||
Paraprevotella xylaniphila | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49.0 | ||||||
Pararheinheimera texasensis | Rheinheimera texasensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a freshwater lake, United States | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Chromatiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.2 | ||||
Parascardovia denticolens | Bifidobacterium denticolens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 6% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | dental caries | Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55 | ||
Parasphingorhabdus flavimaris | Sphingopyxis flavimaris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic and inability to grow at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | sea water, Korea | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58 | ||||
Parasporobacterium paucivorans | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and eutrophic lake sediment | Nam2008a, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Diplobacilli | No spore | |||||||
Parasutterella excrementihominis | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 49.8 | + | |||||
Parasutterella secunda | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Jeong2021 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.2 | ||||||
Paratractidigestivibacter faecalis | Olsenella faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.5 | ||||||
Paremcibacter congregatus | Emcibacter congregatus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low maximum growth temperature (30C) and aerobic requirements makes this a very unlikely gut coloniser. | coastal sediment, China | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Emcibacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.5 | ||||
Parolsenella catena | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2018c) | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 68.4 | 20(+) | |||||
Parolsenella massiliensis | Libanicoccus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2017e) | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 65.5 | 20(+) | ||||
Parvibacter caecicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse caecum. Has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 62.5 | |||||||
Parvimonas micra | Peptostreptococcus micros | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | marine sediment, human faeces and clinical sources (abscesses, blood, vagina - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Benno1986, Benno1989, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | 27–28 | ||||
Pasteurella aerogenes | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pigs, including intestines | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 41.8 | |||||
Pasteurella dagmatis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | animal bites causing local and systemic infections | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.9-41.5 | ||||
Pasteurella multocida | Pasteurella canis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | many animal and human infections | Lagier2016, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 40.8-43.9 | |||
Paucilactobacillus oligofermentans | Lactobacillus oligofermentans | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | expired food, food packaging | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 35.3-39.9 | |||
Paucilactobacillus suebicus | Lactobacillus suebicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | fruit mashes, Germany | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.4 | |||||
Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus | Lactobacillus vaccinostercus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermentation products | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41-44 | ||||
Paucisalibacillus globulus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | potting soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.9 | ||||
Pauljensenia bouchesdurhonensis | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 22% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Rod | |||||||||||
Pauljensenia cellulosilytica | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Rod | |||||||||||
Pauljensenia hongkongensis | Actinomyces hongkongensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the pus of a patient with pelvic actinomycosis | Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Pauljensenia keddieii | Minor | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 22% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A minor coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Sanguibacteraceae | + | AER | Rod | |||||||||||
Pauljensenia odontolyticus | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020, Chen2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | AER | Rod | |||||||||||
Pauljensenia turicensis | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetaceae | + | Rod | ||||||||||||
Pectobacterium wasabiae | Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. wasabiae | 1 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum temperatures (27-30C) and inability to grow at 37C makes this an unlikely gut coloniser. | rotting horseradish, Japan | Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pectobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.4-51.7 | ||
Pediococcus acidilactici | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. A probiotic. | food fermentation, human faeces and clinical sources (abscess, fistula, blood) | Dubourg2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 41-43.5 | ||
Pediococcus claussenii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | |||||||||||||
Pediococcus damnosus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 31C or above, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and beer, wine fermentation | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 37-42 | ||||
Pediococcus pentosaceus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | food fermentation, human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound) | Mangin2004, DalBello2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 38 | |||
Pedobacter cryoconitis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum temperatures (25C) makes this likely not a gut coloniser. | alpine glacier cryoconite, Austria | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 43.4 | ||||
Pedobacter daejeonensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and tree trunks | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.5 | |||||
Pedobacter panaciterrae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low temperature range (4-30C) for growth makes this an unlikely gut coloniser. | soil of a ginseng field, Korea | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.2 | ||||
Pedobacter terricola | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Not likely to be a gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | island soil, Korea | De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 36.8 | ||||
Pedomicrobium ferrugineum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, soils, and aquatic sources | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Hyphomicrobiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Filamentous | No spore | 63-66.8 | |||||
Pelistega indica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Prakash2014) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 42 | ||||||
Pelobacter propionicus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces butyrate, but only from butanol. | anoxic muds of freshwater origin; sewage sludge digesters, Germany | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfuromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57.4 | ||||
Pelomonas aquatica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | No spore | |||||||||
Pelomonas puraquae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | No spore | |||||||||
Pelomonas saccharophila | Pseudomonas saccharophila | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and mud | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.1 | ||||
Peptacetobacter hiranonis | Clostridium hiranonis | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 31.1 | |||
Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum | Eubacterium acidaminophilum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Co-culture with Desulfovibrio vulgaris allows for fermentation of alanine, L-malate, valine and aspartate/H2. | black, anaerobic mud, Germany | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 44 | |||
Peptococcus niger | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and vagina | Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 50-51 | ||||
Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus | Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (vaginal discharge and various abscesses) | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31-32 | ||||
Peptoniphilus catoniae | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG, Patel2016) | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.4 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus colimassiliensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 48.6 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus duerdenii | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and clinical sources (vaginal abscess) | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | 33.4 | ||||||||
Peptoniphilus gorbachii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | clinical sources | deGoffau2013, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Peptoniphilus grossensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 33.9 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus harei | Peptostreptococcus harei | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (sacral ulcer) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 25 | ||||
Peptoniphilus indolicus | 2 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, animal sources and clinical specimens | Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32-34 | ||||
Peptoniphilus ivorii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Carbohydrates are not fermented. | a leg ulcer | New2022 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 29 | ||||
Peptoniphilus koenoeneniae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (vaginal abscess, buttock abscess - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.4 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus lacrimalis | Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, blood, vagina, eye - CCUG) and human faeces | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30-31 | ||||
Peptoniphilus obesi | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese patient) | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30.1 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus pacaensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the vagina | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 49.4 | ||||||
Peptoniphilus phoceensis | Unknown | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy, Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 31.2 | |||||
Peptoniphilus senegalensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.2 | |||||
Peptoniphilus timonensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 30.7 | |||||
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, vagina and clinical sources (various abscesses) | Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Wang2005, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | 34-36 | |||||
Peptostreptococcus russellii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pig manure and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.6 | ||||||
Peptostreptococcus stomatis | Negative | 2 | Minor | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease (oral infections), clinical sources (abscess, blood, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | 36 | |||||
Peribacillus psychrosaccharolyticus | Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | soil and lowland marshes | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | Endospore | 43-44 | |||
Peribacillus simplex | Bacillus simplex | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, various clinical specimens and soil | Hoyles2012, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.5-41.6 | |||
Petrimonas mucosa | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a reactor fed with pig and cattle faeces | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.2 | ||||||
Petrimonas sulfuriphila | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Reduces elemental sulfur. | a biodegraded oil reservoir, Canada | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.8 | ||||
Petrobacter succinatimandens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an oil well, Australia | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Hydrogenophilalia | Hydrogenophilaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58.6 | |||||
Petrocella atlantisensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | rock drills, Mid-Atlantic Ridge | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Vallitaleaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 37.7 | |||||
Phascolarctobacterium faecium | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and Koala faeces | Mangin2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Yang2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 41-42 | |||||
Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | Positive | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Acidaminococcaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.5-47.3 | neg | ||||
Phenylobacterium falsum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and groundwater from Portugal | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.9 | ||||
Phenylobacterium haematophilum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, freshwater, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | Filamentous | No spore | 67.8 | ||||||||
Phenylobacterium lituiforme | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows best with yeast extract as sole source of energy and carbon. | a free-flowing bore well, Australia | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Caulobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.5 | ||||
Phocaeicola barnesiae | Bacteroides barnesiae | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 79% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Walker2011, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.8 | ||||
Phocaeicola coprocola | Bacteroides coprocola | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 95% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.4 | + | ||
Phocaeicola coprophilus | Bacteroides coprophilus | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 87% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (CCUG) | Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.2-45.2 | + | ||
Phocaeicola dorei | Bacteroides dorei | Mixed | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43 | + | ||
Phocaeicola massiliensis | Bacteroides massiliensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, brain abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49 | + | ||
Phocaeicola paurosaccharolyticus | Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a cow waste methane generator, Japan | Byrd2020, De2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.0 | neg | ||||
Phocaeicola plebeius | Bacteroides plebeius | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.9 | + | |||
Phocaeicola salanitronis | Bacteroides salanitronis | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 34% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | caeca of chickens and human faeces | Byrd2020, New2022, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.9 | + | |||
Phocaeicola sartorii | Bacteroides sartorii | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces and mice caeca | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.5 | 0.5(+) | |||
Phocaeicola vulgatus | Bacteroides vulgatus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, lymph node, abscess - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-42 | 20(+) | ||
Phocea massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 61% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and brain abscess | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Phoenicibacter congonensis | Phoenicibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018d) | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43.4 | |||||
Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Phyllobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.3-61.3 | |||||
Pigmentiphaga kullae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and soil | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Alcaligenaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 68.5 | ||||||
Planococcus massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46.0 | |||||
Planococcus rifietoensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt. | an algal mat and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Diplococci | No spore | 47.9 | ||||
Planomicrobium chinense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | marine sediment and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 34.8 | ||||
Planomicrobium koreense | Planococcus koreense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and Korean fermented food | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 47 | |||
Planomicrobium okeanokoites | Planococcus okeanokoites | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, blood and marine mud | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46 | |||
Plesiomonas shigelloides | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and aquatic sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51 | ||||
Pluralibacter gergoviae | Enterobacter gergoviae | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 6% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | clinical sources (sputum, urine, blood - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60 | |||
Pontibacillus litoralis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a sea anemone, China | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.3 | ||||||
Porphyromonas asaccharolytica | Bacteroides asaccharolyticus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces and pelvic abscess | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 52-54 | |||
Porphyromonas bennonis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (shoulder abscess - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | 58 | neg | ||||||
Porphyromonas cangingivalis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | periodontal pockets of dogs | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55 | ||||
Porphyromonas canoris | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | subgingival pockets of dogs | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 49-51 | ||||
Porphyromonas crevioricanis | Porphyromonas cansulci | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Asaccharolytic. | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 44-45.9 | |||
Porphyromonas endodontalis | Bacteroides endodontalis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 49-51 | ||||
Porphyromonas gingivalis | Bacteroides gingivalis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | dental disease and human faeces | Bik2006, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46-48 | ||
Porphyromonas levii | Bacteroides levii | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | cattle | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46-48 | S(20) | ||
Porphyromonas macacae | Bacteroides macacae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral cavities, subcutaneous abscesses, and pyothoraxes of animals, including cats and monkeys | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43-44 | |||
Porphyromonas somerae | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces and leg ulcer | Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.8 | |||||
Porphyromonas uenonis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (infection, ulcer, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Porphyromonadaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52.5 | neg | ||||
Pragia fontium | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), and aquatic sources | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Budviciaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46-47 | ||||||
Prevotella albensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and Sheep rumen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39-43 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella amnii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, and human amniotic fluid | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36.6 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella aurantiaca | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | periodontal pockets of a patient with periodontitis | Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.7 | S(20) | |||||
Prevotella baroniae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human oral cavity, blood and human faeces | Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella bergensis | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 86% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces and clinical sources (soft tissue abscess - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella bivia | Bacteroides bivius | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the vagina microbiome, clinical sources (abscess, urine - CCUG) and human faeces | Benno1984, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella brevis | Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and bovine rumen | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 45-52 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella bryantii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and rumen | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 40-43 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella buccae | Bacteroides buccae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, dental disease, and oral flora | Benno1986, Benno1989, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 52 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella buccalis | Bacteroides buccalis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces (Bilen2018e), dental plaque and umbilical drainage | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-46 | ||||
Prevotella conceptionensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 20(neg) | ||||||
Prevotella copri | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44-45 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella corporis | Bacteroides corporis | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | clinical sources (cervical swab - CCUG) and human faeces | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43-46 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella dentalis | Mitsuokella dentalis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and dental disease | Forster2019, King2019, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 56-60 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella dentasini | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | oral cavity of donkeys | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.2 | S(20) | |||||
Prevotella denticola | Bacteroides denticola | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral cavity and human faeces | Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49-51 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella disiens | Bacteroides disiens | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, vagina, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-42 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella enoeca | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | oral cavity and human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 47 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella falsenii | Rare | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | ||||||||||||||
Prevotella fusca | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the oral cavity | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43 | 20(neg) | |||||
Prevotella herbatica | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a methanogenic reactor plant residue | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.5 | ||||||
Prevotella histicola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the oral cavity | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43 | S(20) | |||||
Prevotella ihumii | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | a stool specimen of a healthy adult | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.1 | ||||||
Prevotella intermedia | Bacteroides intermedius | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG), and dental disease | Benno1984, Benno1989, Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41-44 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella jejuni | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the jejunum of a child with coeliac disease | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.7 | ||||||
Prevotella lascolaii | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | In 70% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | a patient suffering from BV | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.7 | |||||
Prevotella loescheii | Bacteroides loescheii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46.6 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella maculosa | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the oral cavity | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48 | ||||
Prevotella marseillensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Clostridioides difficile infection) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 45.8 | |||||||
Prevotella marshii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | an oral cavity | Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 47.5 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella melaninogenica | Bacteroides melaninogenicus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 86% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | dental, clinical sources (wound - CCUG) and human faeces | Wang2005, Bik2006, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36-40 | 20(neg) | |
Prevotella merdae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.4 | |||||||
Prevotella micans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | an oral cavity | Forster2019, De2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46 | 20(neg) | |||||
Prevotella multiformis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | subgingival plaque | Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 51.1 | S(20) | ||||
Prevotella multisaccharivorax | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 14% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | subgingival dental plaque from patients with periodontitis | Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.5-49.9 | ||||
Prevotella nanceiensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, bacteremia - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 42.6 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella nigrescens | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (dental disease, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | MacFarlane2004, Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40-44 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella oralis | Bacteroides oralis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, drainage fluid - CCUG), oral flora, and chicken gut | Finegold1974, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Walker2011, Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42-46 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella oris | Bacteroides oris | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 94% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | the gingival sulcus of a patient with periodontitis. Also, from clinical sources (systemic infections) and chicken intestines | MacFarlane2004, Bik2006, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42-46 | 10(d(neg)) | ||
Prevotella oryzae | Xylanibacter oryzae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Growth at 37C is significantly delayed. This is an unlikely gut coloniser | rice-plant residue in flooded rice-field soil in Japan | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 43.6 | S | ||
Prevotella oulorum | Bacteroides oulorum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, dental disease, and oral flora | Bik2006, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-46 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella pallens | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral flora and human faeces | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.4 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella paludivivens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Haemin significantly stimulates growth. Growth at 37C is delayed compared with that at 30C. | irrigated rice-field soil in Japan | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 39.2 | S | |||
Prevotella phocaeensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Afouda2017a) | Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44.6 | 20(neg) | |||||
Prevotella pleuritidis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | pleural fluid from a patient with suppurative pleuritis | Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.4 | S(20) | |||
Prevotella rara | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Efimov2018) | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.7 | 20(neg) | ||||||
Prevotella rectalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the rectum | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.3 | |||||||
Prevotella ruminicola | Bacteroides ruminicola | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, rumen, and chicken gut | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-52 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella saccharolytica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the oral cavity | Byrd2020, Urban2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44 | S(20) | |||||
Prevotella salivae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | Homoacetogen. | human faeces and saliva of patient with chronic periodontitis | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.3 | 20(neg) | ||
Prevotella scopos | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the oral cavity | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41 | ||||||
Prevotella seregens | Rare | Is 'Prevotella seregens' actually Hallella seregens (Moore and Moore)? No record of Prevotella seregens published. | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | ||||||||||||||
Prevotella shahii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | oral cavity and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44-45 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella stercorea | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 48.2 | 20(neg) | ||||
Prevotella timonensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, urine, ulcer - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.4 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotella veroralis | Bacteroides veroralis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | Benno1986, Wang2005, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42 | 20(neg) | |||
Prevotellamassilia timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 50% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Priestia flexa | Bacillus flexus | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | SAER | Rod | Endospore | 37-39 | ||||
Priestia koreensis | Bacillus koreensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | the rhizosphere of a willow, Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36 | |||
Priestia megaterium | Bacillus megaterium | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | May be able to persist in the gut, albeit in low numbers, by residing in niches close to epithelial cells (Ilinskaya2017). | human faeces, cow faeces, food and clinical specimens | Taylor1985, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.0-38.1 | ||
Prochlorococcus marinus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and is oxygenic marine organism | Yang2020 | Cyanobacteria | Cyanobacteria | Prochlorococcaceae | neg | AER | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Prolixibacter bellariivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Optimum growth temp is low (22C), so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. Tested neg for glucose fermentation and utilisation, yet fermentation from glucose was reported. | human faeces | Walker2011 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prolixibacteraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 44.9 | ||||
Propionibacterium acidifaciens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | oral carious lesions | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 70 | ||||||
Propionibacterium freudenreichii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Propionimicrobium lymphophilum | Propionibacterium lymphophilum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | lymph nodes and is associated with Hodgkin's disease | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 53-54 | ||||
Prosthecobacter fluviatilis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and oligotrophic aquatic environments | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Verrucomicrobia | Verrucomicrobiae | Verrucomicrobiaceae | neg | AER | Fusobacterium | No spore | 62.9 | ||||||
Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a wheat and maize-fed biogas reactor | Byrd2020, New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Dysgonomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | 45.1 | |||||||
Proteus mirabilis | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (urine, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients) | Finegold1977, Benno1984, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Morganellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39.3 | |||
Proteus penneri | Proteus vulgaris Indole Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, blood, atherosclerotic plaques) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Morganellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 38 | ||||
Proteus vulgaris | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (urine, sputum, wound - CCUG). Implicated in accelerating CVD progression | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Morganellaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 39.3 | |||||
Provencibacterium massiliense | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 75% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Traore2017b) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | |||||||
Providencia alcalifaciens | Proteus inconstans | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, including diarrhoea, and clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 43 | ||||
Providencia heimbachae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | from animals and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Morganellaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 39.6 | ||||
Providencia rettgeri | Proteus rettgeri | Negative | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, sputum, wound, atherosclerotic plaques) | Finegold1974, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 40.5 | |||
Providencia rustigianii | Providencia alcalifaciens Biogroup 3 | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, and clinical sources (urine - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 41.8 | ||||
Providencia stuartii | Proteus stuartii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, abdominal fluid, wound - CCUG) | Woodmansey2004, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 40.7 | ||||
Pseudarthrobacter oxydans | Arthrobacter oxydans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 63.1 | |||||
Pseudarthrobacter polychromogenes | Arthrobacter polychromogenes | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | vr | AER | Sessile | No spore | |||||
Pseudescherichia vulneris | Escherichia vulneris | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, blood, urine - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG; including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58.5-58.7 | ||||
Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | bovine rumen | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 40.5 | ||||||
Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rumen | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 42.7 | |||||
Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | a knee aspirate | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.9 | ||||||
Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | industrial glue | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Brucellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Pseudocitrobacter anthropi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Kaempfer2014) | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57.1 | ||||||
Pseudocitrobacter faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Kaempfer2014) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.2 | ||||||
Pseudoclavibacter alba | Zimmermannella alba | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | urine | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 68 | |||||
Pseudoclavibacter helvolus | Zimmermannella helvola | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | butter | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Pseudoclavibacter sp. Timone | Pseudoclavibacter massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | AER | Rod | No spore | 67 | ||||||
Pseudoclostridium thermosuccinogenes | Clostridium thermosuccinogenes | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, cow manure and food sources | Walker2011, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35.9 | |||
Pseudodesulfovibrio aespoeensis | Desulfovibrio aespoeensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | subterranean groundwater, Sweden | New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 61 | ||||
Pseudodesulfovibrio indicus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a hydrothermal vent | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Desulfovibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 63.5 | ||||||
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus | Bacteroides capillosus | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Urban2020, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60 | 20(neg) | |||
Pseudoglutamicibacter albus | Arthrobacter albus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Pseudoglutamicibacter cumminsii | Arthrobacter cumminsii | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Strict aerobe, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | clinical specimens (wounds, UTI, amniotic fluid, blood, infections) | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Coryneform | No spore | 60-62 | |||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 7% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | clinical sources (abscess, respiratory tract, wound, blood, others - CCUG) and human faeces (CCUG) | Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.2 | ||
Pseudomonas alcaligenes | 2 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | swimming pool water | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64-68 | |||||
Pseudomonas alcaliphila | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and seawater | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.3-63.2 | |||||
Pseudomonas asiatica | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Tohya2019) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.3 | |||||||
Pseudomonas asplenii | 1 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser. | bird's nest fern (pathogen) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||
Pseudomonas boreopolis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae incertae sedis | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.8 | |||||
Pseudomonas caricapapayae | 1 | Plant pathogen | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | clay and dead beetle larvae | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.5-63.6 | ||||
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | clay and dead beetle larvae | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63 | |||||
Pseudomonas citronellolis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human appendix (CCUG), human rectum, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and soil | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Pseudomonas fluorescens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood - CCUG), soil, water and spoilt food | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59-61 | ||||
Pseudomonas fragi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 9% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.6 | ||||
Pseudomonas fulva | 1 | Rare | Transient | Possible Pathogen | paddy fields in Japan and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Pseudomonas gessardii | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | natural mineral waters | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58 | |||||
Pseudomonas japonica | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | activated sludge, Japan | McLaughlin2010, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | ||||||
Pseudomonas libanensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | spring water, Lebanon | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58 | |||||
Pseudomonas lundensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Borderline cold mesophile, so likely not a gut coloniser. | meat, clinical specimens (sputum, tonsil - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59 | ||||
Pseudomonas luteola | Chryseomonas luteola | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (wound, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.6 | |||
Pseudomonas massiliensis | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of a healthy volunteer, Brazil | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 62.3 | ||||||
Pseudomonas mendocina | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | soil and water; clinical specimens | McLaughlin2010, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.8-64.3 | |||||
Pseudomonas migulae | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | natural mineral waters | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58 | |||||
Pseudomonas monteilii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (bronchial aspirate - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.5 | ||||
Pseudomonas mosselii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63 | ||||
Pseudomonas nitroreducens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and oil brine | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Pseudomonas oleovorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | clinical sources (blood, sinus - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 63.5 | |||||
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (18-yr-old - CCUG), clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG) and rice paddies | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.1 | |||||
Pseudomonas parafulva | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and rice paddies | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60 | |||||
Pseudomonas protegens | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic and reduced growth at 37C suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil and plant roots | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.1-63.3 | |||||
Pseudomonas putida Biovar A | Pseudomonas putida | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 4% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | human faeces, soil, and rhizosphere | Wang2005, Frank2007, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.8 | |||
Pseudomonas putida Biovar B | Pseudomonas putida | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | In 4% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | soil, rhizosphere, human faeces | Wang2005, Frank2007, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.8 | |||
Pseudomonas rhodesiae | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | natural mineral waters | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61 | |||||
Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | paper money, Saudi Arabia | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Pseudomonas straminea | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | No growth at 37C, so not likely to be a gut coloniser. | rice paddies, Japan | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62.5-63.7 | ||||
Pseudomonas stutzeri | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | soil, clinical sources (sputum, infection, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60.6-66.3 | ||||
Pseudomonas taetrolens | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | foods with musty odour | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 59.8 | |||||
Pseudomonas tolaasii | 1 | Plant pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | mushroom disease and has been detected in human faeces | Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61 | |||
Pseudomonas veronii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | natural mineral waters | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61-62 | |||||
Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Maximum growth temperature of 33C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | raw cow’s milk | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57.3 | |||||
Pseudomonas xanthomarina | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | coastal waters, Sea of Japan | Cassir2015, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.1-63.7 | |||||
Pseudomonas yamanorum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | soil, Argentina | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.8 | |||||
Pseudomonas zhaodongensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | saline and alkaline soils, China | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pseudomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65 | |||||
Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can degrade 1,4-dioxane, THF, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, methyl t-butyl ether and diethyl ether. Strict aerobe so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a 1,4-dioxane-contaminated site, USA | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Pseudonocardiaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 74 | ||||
Pseudoprevotella muciniphila | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Mucin-degrading bacterium | the mucine of bovine rumen epithelium | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Prevotellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 46.4 | |||||
Pseudopropionibacterium massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the human oral cavity | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.3 | |||||||
Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus | Eubacterium alactolyticum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease and human faeces | Benno1986, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 61 | 20(neg) | |||
Pseudoruegeria marinistellae | Tropicimonas marinistellae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a starfish, China | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Roseobacteraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 63 | |||||
Pseudoruminococcus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | 37.6 | ||||||||
Pseudoxanthomonas broegbernensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and a biofilter from waste gas | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.5 | ||||
Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | polluted urban soil, Japan | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.2 | ||||
Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and urine | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67.8 | |||||
Pseudoxanthomonas spadix | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an oil-contaminated site, Taiwan. | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 68.5 | |||||
Pseudoxanthomonas suwonensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | cotton waste composts, Korea | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.6-68.4 | |||||
Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | hot springs, Taiwan | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 69.9-70.1 | |||||
Psychrobacter alimentarius | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and traditional Korean fermented seafood | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 44 | |||||
Psychrobacter arenosus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | marine sediment and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 45.0 | ||||
Psychrobacter cibarius | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and traditional Korean fermented seafood | Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43-43.5 | |||||
Psychrobacter faecalis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | Low optimum growth temp, so unlikely gut coloniser. | pigeon faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, bone - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 5(neg) | ||||
Psychrobacter fulvigenes | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | marine crustaceans, Sea of Japan | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | ||||||||
Psychrobacter maritimus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and coastal sediment from Japan | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 44.6-44.9 | ||||
Psychrobacter namhaensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | sea water off South Korea and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | No spore | 45.3 | ||||||
Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus | Moraxella phenylpyruvica | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | skin and mucous membranes. Also from clinical sources (blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid, UTI) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 43 | 5(+) | |||
Psychrobacter pulmonis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | lungs of lambs | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Moraxellaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||
Pusillimonas faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.2 | |||||||
Pygmaiobacter massiliensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 30% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Bilen2017g) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | Rod | |||||||||
Pyramidobacter piscolens | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dental disease, abscesses and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Synergistetes | Synergistia | Synergistaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 59 | 20(neg) | |||||
Rahnella aquatilis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, urine - CCUG) | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 51-56 | ||||
Ralstonia mannitolilytica | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, blood, nasopharynx - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.2 | |||||
Ralstonia pickettii Biovar Va-1&2 | Burkholderia pickettii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Biovars Va-1 and Va-2 combined. | the small intestine (28-yr-old female - CCUG) and clinical sources (trachea, crebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG) | McLaughlin2010, Forster2019, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.2 | |||
Raoultella ornithinolytica | Klebsiella ornithinolytica | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - can be high load in ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (throat, urine) and food | Zupancic2012, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 57 | ||||
Raoultella planticola | Klebsiella planticola | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (ulceritive colitis - Alkhalil2017), urine, and plants | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Wang2020a | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.9-55.4 | |||
Raoultella terrigena | Klebsiella terrigena | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulceritive colitis), soils, and freshwater | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.7 | |||
Raoultibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Traore2019) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.0 | ||||||
Raoultibacter timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Traore2019) | Byrd2020, De2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.6 | ||||||
Rheinheimera perlucida | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | surface water, Baltic Sea | Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Chromatiaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.9 | ||||
Rhizobium metallidurans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | seedlings and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhizobiaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.9 | ||||||
Rhizorhabdus wittichii | Sphingomonas wittichii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 30C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | water of the River Elbe, Europe | Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Rhodanobacteraceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.5 | ||||||
Rhodococcus erythropolis | Mycobacterium erythropolis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (wound, blood, tissue - CCUG) | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | 65.2 | |||||
Rhodococcus hoagii | Rhodococcus equi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | Taylor1985, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | No spore | |||||
Rhodococcus jostii | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and no growth at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser. | the bones in an old grave, Czechia/Moravia | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 67.4 | ||||
Rhodococcus opacus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a soil sample from a leaking gas pipe | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 67.6 | ||||
Rhodococcus qingshengii | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | carbendazim-contaminated soil, China | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod-coccus cycle | No spore | 59.1 | |||||
Rhodococcus rhodochrous | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Nocardiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 67-70 | ||||
Rhodoplanes serenus | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Phototrophic and prefers anaerobic photoorganotrophy, using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. Photolithic growth with thiosulfate. Can fix N2 and use sulfate as a S source. | pond water | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Hyphomicrobiaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 69.5 | |||||
Rhodothermus marinus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High minimum growth temperature (55C) and strict aerobic nature suggests this organism is likely a gut non-coloniser. | submarine hot springs, Iceland | New2022, Zeller2014 | Bacteroidetes | Rhodothermaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64 | |||||
Riemerella columbina | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | a pigeon palatine cleft, Germany | Forster2019 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Weeksellaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36 | ||||
Rikenella microfusus | Bacteroides microfusus | 1 | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | faecal or caecal specimens from calves, chickens, and Japanese quails | Byrd2020, Minerbi2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Short Rod | No spore | 57.0 | 20(R) | |||
Risungbinella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Dubourg2016a) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Thermoactinomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Endospore | 40.1 | ||||||
Robertmurraya andreesenii | Bacillus andreesenii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a compost bioreactor | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39 | ||||
Robertmurraya kyonggiensis | Bacillus kyonggiensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil from a lettuce field, Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 36.3 | |||||
Robertmurraya massiliosenegalensis | Bacillus massiliosenegalensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.6 | ||||
Robinsoniella peoriensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, deep wound - CCUG), and pig faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 49 | ||||||
Romboutsia hominis | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | ileostoma effluent, Germany | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 27.8 | ||||||
Romboutsia ilealis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | rat gastrointestinal tract and human faeces | Yang2020, New2022, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 28.1 | 5(neg) | |||||
Romboutsia lituseburensis | Clostridium lituseburense | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | |||
Romboutsia maritimum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Full characterisation of this organism hasn't been published. | a coastal estuarine mud sample in New Zealand | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 27.1 | ||||||
Romboutsia timonensis | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 78% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Ricaboni2016) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Romboutsia weinsteinii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Characterisation not yet published. | a water sample harvested in Québec City, Canada | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Rod | Endospore | 29.3 | ||||||
Roseburia faecis | Agathobacter faecis | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Jeong2021, Minerbi2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | 42.0 | |||
Roseburia hominis | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | 47.4 | |||||
Roseburia intestinalis | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | 42.6 | |||||
Roseburia inulinivorans | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | 41.4 | |||||
Roseobacter denitrificans | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and low growth temperatures of 20-30C suggests this is not a gut coloniser. | high-tide seaweed | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Roseobacteraceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 59.6 | ||||
Roseomonas gilardii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | potable water and clinical sources | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Acetobacteraceae | neg | FANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | 67.6-71.2 | |||||
Roseomonas mucosa | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, eye - CCUG), and aquatic origins | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Acetobacteraceae | neg | AER | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Rossellomorea aquimaris | Bacillus aquimaris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | tidal flats from Korea and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38 | |||
Rossellomorea marisflavi | Bacillus marisflavi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Pfleiderer2013) and tidal flats from Korea | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 49 | ||||
Rossellomorea vietnamensis | Bacillus vietnamensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fish sauce, Vietnam | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43-44 | ||||
Rothia aeria | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | air samples, clinical sources (sputum, blood, peritonean fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Coccus | No spore | 57.8 | |||||
Rothia dentocariosa | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (pleural fluid, infection, blood, sputum, bucca - CCUG) and human faeces | Taylor1985, Bik2006, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | ||||||
Rothia halotolerans | Kocuria halotolerans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | saline soil and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 68.0 | ||||
Rothia koreensis | Kocuria koreensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | traditional fermented seafood, Korea | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 65.2 | |||||
Rothia kristinae | Kocuria kristinae | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, skin - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | 72 | |||
Rothia mucilaginosa | Stomatococcus mucilaginosus | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | oral flora clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG) and human faeces | Wang2005, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 56-60 | |||
Rothia terrae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Taiwan | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Micrococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 56.1 | |||||
Rubeoparvulum massiliense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a malnourished child, Senegal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 43.8 | ||||||
Rubinisphaera brasiliensis | Planctomyces brasiliensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, marine and freshwater | King2019 | Planctomycetes | Planctomycetia | Planctomycetaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 55.5-57.7 | ||||
Rubneribacter badeniensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 14% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Danylec2018) | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.1 | |||||
Rubrobacter xylanophilus | 1 | Non | Non-colonising | Non/unknown Pathogen | Hydrolyses xylan. High optimum growth temperature suggests it is not a regular gut commensal | thermally polluted industrial runoff | Cassir2015 | Actinobacteria | Rubrobacteria | Rubrobacteraceae | + | AER | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 67.6 | ||||
Rudanella lutea | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and air sample | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55 | ||||
Ruminiclostridium cellobioparum | Clostridium cellobioparum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Benno1989, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 41 | ||||
Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum | Clostridium cellulolyticum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | decayed grass | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41 | ||||
Ruminiclostridium herbifermentans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a lab-scale biogas fermenter fed with maize silage | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | vr | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 33.2 | ||||||
Ruminiclostridium josui | Clostridium josui | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strongly degrades and consumes cellulose. | compost, Thailand | McLaughlin2010, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 40 | neg | ||
Ruminococcus albus | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and rumenates | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Walker2011, deGoffau2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Moore1995, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43–46 | |||||
Ruminococcus bicirculans | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 94% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | Lagier2016, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Jeong2021, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42-43 | |||||
Ruminococcus bovis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a cow rumen | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.6 | ||||||
Ruminococcus bromii | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39–40 | ||||
Ruminococcus callidus | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, deGoffau2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43 | 20(neg) | |||
Ruminococcus champanellensis | Positive | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 72% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, LeChatelier2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 53.1 | ||||
Ruminococcus flavefaciens | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ludwig2009), and rumen | Finegold1974, PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Minerbi2019, Moore1995, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39–44 | |||||
Ruminococcus gauvreauii | Positive | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 19% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces | PerisBondia2011, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||
Ruminococcus gnavus | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abscess, tissue - CCUG) | Benno1986, Benno1989, Mangin2004, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 41 | 20(+) | |||
Ruminococcus lactaris | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Benno1986, Benno1989, Nam2008a, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43 | 20(d) | ||||
Ruminococcus phoceensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (obese) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | ANA | Pleiomorph rod | ||||||||||
Ruminococcus torques | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nam2008a, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Dubourg2013, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Forster2019, King2019, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020, Qin2012, Moore1995, Li2019b, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43 | 20(+) | ||||
Rummeliibacillus pycnus | Bacillus pycnus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil, Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 35 | |||
Rummeliibacillus stabekisii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an aerospace facility, United States | Lagier2016, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 34.3 | ||||||
Rummeliibacillus suwonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mountain soil from Korea. Has also been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 37.8 | ||||||
Ruoffia tabacinasalis | Facklamia tabacinasalis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and tobacco | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Aerococcaceae | + | FANA | Coccus | No spore | 40 | |||||
Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 99% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). | human faeces (Shkoporov2016) | Zou2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.5 | |||||
Saccharibacillus brassicae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | kimchi cabbage seeds | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 58.4 | |||||
Saccharofermentans acetigenes | Non | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Fumarate is a product of fermentation of glucose. | sludge treatment, China | De2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Endospore | 55.6 | |||||
Salimicrobium jeotgali | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Likely to be a non-coloniser of the gut because it is strictly aerobic and has an optimal growth rate at high salt concentrations. | anchovy jeotgal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 46.3 | |||||
Salinicoccus halodurans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | saline soil, China | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 45.8 | ||||
Salinisphaera halophila | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Likely a gut non-coloniser because it requires high salt and is strictly aerobic. | a brine salt well, China | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Salinisphaeraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 69.5 | |||||
Salinivibrio costicola | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | hypersaline environments and salted food | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 49.4-50.5 | |||||
Salmonella bongori | Salmonella enterica subsp. bongori | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), cold-blooded animals and the environment | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 51.8 | |||
Salmonella enterica | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical (blood, urine - CCUG), and animal sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52-53 | |||
Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae | Salmonella arizonae | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Non | Transient | Possible Pathogen | mainly cold-blooded animals | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | ||
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | ||||
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Non-commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | |||
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A | Salmonella paratyphi | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Non-commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | ||
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi | Negative | 3 | Vaccine available | Rare | Non-commensal | Dangerous Pathogen | human faeces. Only pathogenic in humans, causing typhoid fever | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | |||
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | Salmonella typhimurium | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Non-commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50-53 | ||
Sanguibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018) | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Sanguibacteraceae | + | SANA | Rod | ||||||||||
Sarcina maxima | Clostridium maximum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, cereals, soil and horse manure | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 28.6 | ||||
Sarcina ventriculi | Clostridium ventriculi | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, clinical specimens (blood) and the environment | Finegold1977, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | Endospore | 30.6 | ||||
Scardovia inopinata | Bifidobacterium inopinatum | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | dental disease and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 54 | |||
Scardovia wiggsiae | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | In 15% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | the human oral cavity and clinical sources | Byrd2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 55 | |||||
Schaalia cardiffensis | Actinomyces cardiffensis | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, New2022, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | |||||
Schaalia hyovaginalis | Actinomyces hyovaginalis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Unknown | Non/unknown Pathogen | porcine genital tract | Cassir2015 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 63 | |||
Schaalia meyeri | Actinomyces meyeri | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (brain abcess, cyst, subgingival crevice) | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67 | 20(neg) | |||
Schaalia odontolytica | Actinomyces odontolyticus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease, clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | Exospore | ||||
Schaalia radingae | Actinomyces radingae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, wound, blood - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60 | ||||
Schaalia turicensis | Actinomyces turicensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (vagina, urine, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | 57.5 | |||||
Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis | Lactobacillus harbinensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e), fermented foods and spoilt drinks | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53.3 | ||||
Schleiferilactobacillus perolens | Lactobacillus perolens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | spoilt softdrinks | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49-53 | ||||
Schleiferilactobacillus shenzhenensis | Lactobacillus shenzhenensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | |||||||||||||
Schlesneria paludicola | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum growth temp, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and wetlands | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Planctomycetes | Planctomycetia | Planctomycetaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Filamentous | No spore | 54.4-56.5 | ||||
Schnuerera ultunensis | Clostridium ultunense | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | anaerobic digester sludge | New2022 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 32 | ||||
Sebaldella termitidis | Bacteroides termitidis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | posterior intestinal contents of termites | New2022 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 32-36 | ||||
Sediminibacillus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017a) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Rod | |||||||||||
Sediminispirochaeta smaragdinae | Spirochaeta smaragdinae | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | marine sediments | Byrd2020, New2022, Qin2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Spirochaetaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 50 | |||
Selenomonas artemidis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | gingival crevices | Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57-58 | |||||
Selenomonas bovis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | yak rumen contents | Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 62.5-63.9 | ||||||
Selenomonas flueggei | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | gingival crevices | Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 56-58 | |||||
Selenomonas infelix | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | gingival crevices | Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 56-58 | |||||
Selenomonas noxia | 2 | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and gingival crevices | De2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 56-58 | |||||
Selenomonas ruminantium | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and cattle rumen | Benno1986, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 54 | |||||
Selenomonas sputigena | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | oral flora | Lagier2016, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 57 | ||||
Selenomonas timonae | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | gingivitis patients, France | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Selenomonadaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | |||||||
Sellimonas intestinalis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 44% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Seo2016) | Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Diplococci | No spore | 45.3 | 4(+) | ||||
Senegalia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Traore2020) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | Micr | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 27.4 | ||||||
Senegalimassilia anaerobia | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Minerbi2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 60-66.5 | ||||||
Senegalimassilia faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Han2020) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Coriobacteriaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | 61.2 | ||||||||
Serratia ficaria | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, figs, and wasps | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 59.4-59.7 | |||||
Serratia fonticola | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood, wound - CCUG) and drinking water | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.8-52.5 | |||||
Serratia liquefaciens | 2 | Invertebrate pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (wound, abscess - CCUG) and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 53-54 | ||||
Serratia marcescens | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - high load in several ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG) and the environment | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 57.5-60 | |||
Serratia odorifera | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Differences in enzyme activities between published reports are labelled 'vr' and might represent strain variability. | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (wound, gall, urine - CCUG) | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54.6 | |||
Serratia quinivorans | Serratia proteamaculans subsp. quinovora | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | soil, plant rhizosphere and insect GI tracts | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 53-54 | |||
Serratia ureilytica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | river water, India | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 60 | |||||
Sharpea azabuensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of thoroughbred horses | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 36-38 | ||||||
Shewanella algae | Shewanella alga | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | S. algae produces tetrodotoxin, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser without causing severe illness. Can reduce Fe(III) with lactate as a donor. | human faeces (CCUG as S. alga), red algae and clinical sources (tissue, blood, trachea - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Li2019b | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Shewanellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 54 | |||
Shewanella carassii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Fang2017) | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Shewanellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 52.7 | |||||||
Shewanella decolorationis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | A dye-decolourising bacterium. Reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) using lactate as an electron donor. | activated sludge of a waste-water treatment plant, China | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Shewanellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49.3 | ||||
Shewanella xiamenensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) using lactate as an electron donor. | coastal sediment, China | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Shewanellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46 | |||||
Shigella boydii | Negative | 2 | Rare | Unknown | Known Pathogen | human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients - Alkhalil2017) | Lagier2016, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||
Shigella dysenteriae | Negative | 3 | Unlikely | Transient | Dangerous Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, De2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 53 | ||||
Shigella flexneri | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Unknown | Known Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - including ulcerative colitis patients) | McLaughlin2010, Pandey2012, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 49 | |||
Shigella sonnei | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - high load in several ulcerative colitis patients) and blood | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, De2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 51 | |||
Shuttleworthia satelles | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the human oral cavity | Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 51 | S(20) | ||||
Silanimonas lenta | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces, and hot springs | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Lysobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50.7 | ||||
Skermanella aerolata | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and air sample | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Azospirillaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65 | ||||
Slackia equolifaciens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60.8 | ||||||
Slackia exigua | Eubacterium exiguum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (fistula, blood, dental disease - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 60 | 20(neg) | |||
Slackia faecicanis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dog faeces and has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Rod | No spore | 61.2 | w | ||||||
Slackia heliotrinireducens | Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | ovine rumen | Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.1 | S | |||
Slackia isoflavoniconvertens | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces equol (an isoflavandiol aestrogen) from daidzein. | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.5 | |||||
Slackia piriformis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Eggerthellaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Club rod | No spore | 58.3 | 20(w) | |||||
Sneathia sanguinegens | Leptotrichia sanguinegens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (amniotic fluid, blood, abdomen - CCUG) | Aujoulat2014, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 22-25 | |||
Sneathia vaginalis | Sneathia amnii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | Sneathia vaginalis same as 'Sneathia amnii'. Simple metabolism, utilising glycogen, maltose and glucose. | human clinical specimens (mid-vaginal wall, amniotic fluid) | Byrd2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 28 | ||||
Sodaliphilus pleomorphus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Probably uses fructan and amylose. | pig faeces | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Muribaculaceae | neg | SANA | Rod | No spore | 54.4 | ||||||
Soleaferrea massiliensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | ||||||||
Solibacillus silvestris | Bacillus silvestris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | forest soil, Germany | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39.3 | |||
Solibaculum mannosilyticum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | vr | ANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 50.6 | 20(+) | ||||||
Solobacterium moorei | Bulleidia moorei | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and blood | Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37-39 | ||||
Sorangium cellulosum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces sporangioles and myxospores. Metabolites include epothilone, soraphen, sorangicin, and tartrolon. | soil, animal faeces and decaying plant material | New2022, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Deltaproteobacteria | Sorangiineae | neg | Gliding | Pleiomorph rod | Exospore | 69-72 | |||||
Sphaerotilus natans | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and sewage | De2020, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiales genera incertae sedis | neg | SAER | Swimming | Filamentous | No spore | |||||
Sphingobacterium alimentarium | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and raw cow's milk | Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.3 | |||||
Sphingobacterium faecium | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.0-40.4 | ||||||
Sphingobacterium mizutaii | Flavobacterium mizutaii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and clinical sources (ventricular fluid - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 39.3-40.0 | 40(+) | |
Sphingobacterium multivorum | Flavobacterium multivorum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum, blood, urine - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 42.2 | 20(d) | |||
Sphingobacterium nematocida | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and leaf tissue | Yang2020 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.6 | |||||
Sphingobacterium siyangense | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | farm soil, China | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 38.5 | |||||||
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum | Flavobacterium spiritivorum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical specimens (blood, wound, urine, sputum, bone marrow) | Qin2012 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41.4 | ||||
Sphingobacterium thalpophilum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Sphingobacteriia | Sphingobacteriaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45.0 | |||||
Sphingobium xenophagum | Sphingomonas xenophagum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | river water and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | vr | Rod | No spore | 62.9 | ||||
Sphingomonas adhaesiva | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and a clean surface | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.2 | ||||
Sphingomonas aerolata | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow at 37C. | an air sample, UK, and an old ice sample from Antarctica | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 65.4 | ||||
Sphingomonas aestuarii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | tidal flats and human faeces | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Sphingomonas azotifigens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the roots of Asian rice, Japan | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.0-68.0 | |||||
Sphingomonas bisphenolicum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Frank2007 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Sphingomonas echinoides | Pseudomonas echinoides | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and a laboratory contaminant on a nutrient agar plate | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 65.8 | ||||
Sphingomonas glacialis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and glacier from Austria | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.9 | |||||
Sphingomonas hankookensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | wastewater treatment, Korea | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.2 | ||||||
Sphingomonas koreensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and mineral water from Korea | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | |||||
Sphingomonas melonis | 1 | Plant pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fruit disease, Japan | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.0 | ||||
Sphingomonas panni | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Sphingomonas paucimobilis | Pseudomonas paucimobilis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, wound, spinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 62-64 | ||||
Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | surfaces and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Sphingomonas sinipercae | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | fish intestines | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.5 | |||||
Sphingomonas yabuuchiae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an air sample | PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Rod | No spore | 66.1 | ||||||
Sphingopyxis bauzanensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and contaminated soil from Italy | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Sphingomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 64.4 | |||||
Spiribacter roseus | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strict aerobe and high optimum salt concentration suggests this organism is likely to be a gut non-coloniser. | pond water, Spain | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Ectothiorhodospiraceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 64.2 | |||||
Spirochaeta coccoides | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a termite hindgut | Qin2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Sphaerochaetaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 56.6-57.4 | |||||
Spirochaeta thermophila | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Very high optimum temperature (66-68) suggests this organism is not a gut coloniser. | marine hot springs, Russia | New2022 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Spirochaetaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 52 | ||||
Spirosoma linguale | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, freshwater, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Bacteroidetes | Cytophagia | Cytophagaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Helical | No spore | 51-53 | |||||
Sporobacter termitidis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces methanethiol. | termite gut and detected in human faeces | Salonen2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 57 | ||||
Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus | Bacillus laevolacticus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | plant rhizospheres | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Sporolactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43-45 | ||||
Sporolactobacillus nakayamae subsp. racemicus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil and alcoholic breverage brewing, Japan | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Sporolactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43-46 | ||||||
Sporomusa termitida | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Sporomusa species don't ferment sugars. Homoacetogen. | the gut contents of termites | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Sporomusaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | 48.6 | ||||
Sporosarcina aquimarina | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Not likely to be a gut coloniser because this organism doesn't grow well at 37C. | seawater, Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 40 | ||||
Sporosarcina koreensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, blood and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 46.5 | ||||
Sporosarcina luteola | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soy sauce production equipment, Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 43.6 | ||||||
Sporosarcina siberiensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces and East Siberian Sea | Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Planococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | Unknown | 39 | |||||
Stackebrandtia nassauensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, Bahamas | New2022, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Glycomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 72.4 | |||||
Staphylococcus arlettae | Positive | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | animal sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31.0-32.6 | ||||
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus | Staphylococcus aureus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human skin, clinical sources (respiratory tract, wound, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces (infant - CCUG) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32-36 | ||
Staphylococcus auricularis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human ear and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | 38-39 | |||||
Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis | Staphylococcus capitis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human skin, head, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 31-38.8 | ||
Staphylococcus caprae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, goats' milk and clinical specimens (blood, knee aspirate, infection) | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35-37 | ||||
Staphylococcus carnosus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dry sausage | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35-36 | |||||
Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii | Staphylococcus cohnii | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human skin and human faeces | Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 36-38 | |||
Staphylococcus condimenti | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soy sauce and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.2-36 | |||||
Staphylococcus devriesei | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | teats of dairy cows and milk | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 33.3 | ||||||
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | A significant member of the seeding microbiota that colonises the gut of C-section newborns but also found in breast milk (Jeurink2013). | skin, clinical sources (wounds, infections) and human faeces | Moore1974, Finegold1974, Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, Woodmansey2004, McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 30-37 | |||
Staphylococcus equorum subsp. equorum | Staphylococcus equorum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | skin of horses, seafood, cheese and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 33.4-34.7 | ||||
Staphylococcus gallinarum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | poultry | Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.5 | |||||
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human sources, clinical sources (infections, urine, blood, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Pandey2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, De2020, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 34-36 | ||||
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis | Staphylococcus hominis | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human skin, clinical sources (infections, blood) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30-36 | |||
Staphylococcus hyicus | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | pigs (pathogenic) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32.9 | ||||
Staphylococcus intermedius | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, and animals | Taylor1985, Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 31-36 | ||||
Staphylococcus kloosii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and animals | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31-32.3 | |||||
Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, urine, blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 32 | |||||
Staphylococcus nepalensis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and goats with pneumonia from the Himalayas | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 33 | ||||
Staphylococcus pasteuri | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (vomit, blood, wound), animals, food and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35 | |||||
Staphylococcus petrasii | Staphylococcus jettensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources and ear infections | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.9 | |||||
Staphylococcus pettenkoferi | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (wound, blood, infection - CCUG) animal lesions | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38 | ||||
Staphylococcus saccharolyticus | Peptococcus saccharolyticus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, bone marrow, infections - CCUG) and skin | Benno1984, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 33-34 | ||||
Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 2 | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human skin, clinical sources (UTI, urine - CCUG) and human faeces | Pfleiderer2013, Cassir2015, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 31-36 | ||||
Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. schleiferi | Staphylococcus schleiferi | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, blood, catheter) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37 | |||
Staphylococcus simiae | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | faeces of a squirrel monkey | Cassir2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 33.8 | ||||
Staphylococcus simulans | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human skin, primates, human faeces and clinical sources (urine, wound, vagina - CCUG) | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 34-38 | ||||
Staphylococcus succinus subsp. succinus | Staphylococcus succinus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, and amber | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.4-35 | 40(+) | ||
Staphylococcus warneri | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human skin, primates, human faeces and clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound, vagina - CCUG) | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34-35 | ||||
Staphylococcus xylosus | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | humans, animals, human faeces and clinical sources (blood) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Staphylococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 30-36 | ||||
Starkeya novella | Thiobacillus novellus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Requires biotin. Strict aerobe suggests it is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil | Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Xanthobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.3-68.4 | |||
Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | sludge reactor, clinical sources (trachea, urine, blood - CCUG) and detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66.9 | ||||
Stenotrophomonas bentonitica | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 28C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | bentonite formations, Spain | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 66.5 | |||||
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Pseudomonas maltophilia | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, blood, urine, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Show antifungal activity against C. albicans, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiiorum and Verticillium dahliae. Produces trehalose and glucosylglycerol as osmolytes. | rhizosphere, soil and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | |||||
Stomatobaculum longum | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 27% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces and subgingival dental plaque | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | vr | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 55.0-55.3 | neg | ||||
Streptobacillus hongkongensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (pus) | De2020 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 24-26 | ||||||
Streptobacillus moniliformis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | rat nasopharynx | Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriia | Leptotrichiaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 26.3 | ||||
Streptococcus acidominimus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | cattle and milk | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.7 | ||||
Streptococcus agalactiae | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, septicemia, urine, vagina - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34 | 40(d) | |||
Streptococcus alactolyticus | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, faeces of pigs and chickens | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.9-41.3 | |||||
Streptococcus anginosus | 2 | Widespread | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral flora, clinical sources (plaque, appendix, vagina, urine - CCUG) and human faeces | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, Forster2019, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-40 | |||||
Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | sore throats and other clinical sources (blood, abscess, abdominal infections) | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.5 | ||||||
Streptococcus australis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | oral flora, human faeces and clinical specimens (saliva, blood, sputum) | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43.5 | ||||
Streptococcus caballi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Homoacetogen. | the rectum of a horse with laminitis | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 46.8 | 40(+) | ||||
Streptococcus canis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | cows and cats | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39-40 | 40(neg) | |||
Streptococcus castoreus | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | a European beaver | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37.4 | ||||
Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus | Streptococcus constellatus | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral flora, respiratory system, vagina, clinical sources (appendix, blood, abscess) and human faeces | Finegold1977, Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 37-38 | ||||
Streptococcus cristatus | Streptococcus oligofermentans | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | oral flora, throat, clinical sources (dental disease, blood) and human faeces | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.6-43.2 | |||
Streptococcus danieliae | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | mouse caecal contents | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 45.1 | ||||||
Streptococcus didelphis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Initial catalase activity is lost in subsequent cultures. | opossums | Forster2019, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||
Streptococcus downei | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | dental plaque of monkeys | Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41-42 | 40(d) | ||||
Streptococcus dysgalactiae | Negative | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, respiratory, genital, and clinical sources (blood) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38.1-40.2 | |||
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human respiratory tracts and vaginas | Finegold1977 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.1-40.2 | ||||
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi | Streptococcus equi | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.7 | 10(neg) | |
Streptococcus equinus | Streptococcus bovis | Unknown | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces (especially in children as S. bovis), clinical sources (blood, urine) and animal faeces | Finegold1977, Benno1984, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36.2-38.6 | 40(+) | |
Streptococcus ferus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | pigs and rats | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 43 | + | ||||
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus | Streptococcus gallolyticus | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG), and animal faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37-38 | |
Streptococcus gordonii | Unknown | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | dental disease, clinical sources (blood, sputum, infection - CCUG) and human faeces | Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40-43 | ||||
Streptococcus gwangjuense | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | pericoronitis lesion, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.2 | ||||||
Streptococcus henryi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | caecum of a horse with laminitis | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 40(+) | ||||||
Streptococcus hyovaginalis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the vagina of a pig | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40 | |||||
Streptococcus ilei | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | ileostomy effluent of a colorectal cancer patient | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.1 | ||||||
Streptococcus infantarius | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | human faeces, food, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG) | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius | 2 | Minor | Transient | Rare Opportunist | In 15% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (CCUG; transient), food and clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017, Jie2017 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Streptococcus infantis | Unknown | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | oral flora, pharynx, blood and human faeces | Bik2006, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.9-40.4 | |||
Streptococcus intermedius | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound, vagina, abscess - CCUG) and oral cavity | Holdeman1976, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37-38 | ||||
Streptococcus koreensis | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | subgingival dental plaque from patients with periodontitis | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.1 | ||||||
Streptococcus lactarius | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). Probably a rare or transient gut inhabitant but has not been reported to have been isolated from faeces. | breast milk from healthy test subjects | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Streptococcus lutetiensis | Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli | Unknown | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), and clinical sources (blood, tissue - CCUG) | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019, Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||
Streptococcus macedonicus | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Greek Kasseri cheese | Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38 | neg | |||||
Streptococcus merionis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the oropharynge of a Mongolian jird | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Streptococcus mitis | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Homoacetogen. Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | oral flora, clinical sources (blood, sputum, infection, urine, fistula - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, MacFarlane2004, Wang2005, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39-41 | ||||
Streptococcus mutans | Unknown | 2 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (blood, eye, pleural fluid - CCUG) and oral cavity | Finegold1977, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36-38 | ||||
Streptococcus oralis | Negative | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | dental disease, clinical sources (blood, infection, sputum, wound - CCUG) and human faeces | Wang2005, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-42 | ||||
Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus | Streptococcus tigurinus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016, Hu2019, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.0 | |||||
Streptococcus orisratti | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the tooth surface of laboratory rats | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.6-43.5 | 40(+) | ||||
Streptococcus ovis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | sheep clinical specimens | Forster2019, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38 | ||||
Streptococcus pantholopis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of a Tibetan antelope | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42 | ||||||
Streptococcus parasanguinis | Negative | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | clinical sources (blood, abscess, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pandey2012, Zupancic2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.6-42.7 | 40(d) | ||
Streptococcus parasuis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | healthy pigs | De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.8 | ||||||
Streptococcus parauberis | Negative | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, raw milk, and cows | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.8-36.5 | |||
Streptococcus pasteurianus | Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, clinical sources (pharynx, blood, urine - CCUG) and tooth surfaces | Zou2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||
Streptococcus periodonticum | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | subgingival dental plaque from patients with periodontitis, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.9 | ||||||
Streptococcus peroris | Unknown | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Infection | dental, clinical sources (pharynx) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39.8-40.5 | |||
Streptococcus pluranimalium | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | subclinical mastitis in a cow | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.5 | ||||
Streptococcus plurextorum | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | pigs with pneumonia | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42.1 | ||||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | Negative | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | nasopharynx, clinical sources (blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) and human faeces | McLaughlin2010, Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.5-42 | |||
Streptococcus porci | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the heart of a pig with pericarditis | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 41.5 | ||||||
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae | 2 | Minor | Transient | Possible Pathogen | respiratory, clinical sources (sputum, respiratory tract - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Streptococcus pseudoporcinus | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the genitourinary tract of women | Lagier2016, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | ||||||
Streptococcus pyogenes | 2 | Minor | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, skin flora, clinical sources (sputum, urine, throat, infection - CCUG) | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34.5-38.5 | |||||
Streptococcus rubneri | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the throat | Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40.9 | ||||||
Streptococcus salivarius | Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces (mainly adults), clinical sources (sputum, blood - CCUG) and oral cavity | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Favier2002, Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pandey2012, Zupancic2012, Dubourg2013, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Urban2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 39-42 | 40(d) | ||
Streptococcus sanguinis | 2 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | This organism also produces D-lactate, which could be linked to cronic fatigue syndrome (Sheedy2009). | dental disease, clinical sources (infection, blood - CCUG) and human faeces | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Benno1986, Benno1989, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Dubourg2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 43-46 | 40(d) | |||
Streptococcus sinensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | the blood of a patient with infective endocarditis | Byrd2020, De2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 53 | 40(+) | ||||
Streptococcus sobrinus | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Most strains produce hydrogen peroxide. | surfaces of teeth | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 44-46 | ||||
Streptococcus suis | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | pig disease, clinical sources, human faeces | Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 38-42 | 40(d) | ||
Streptococcus thermophilus | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces GABA (Sahab2020). | human faeces , and dairy fermentation | Favier2002, McLaughlin2010, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Almeida2019, King2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 37-40 | ||||
Streptococcus thoraltensis | Unknown | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | animal sources and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 40 | neg | |||
Streptococcus timonensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 16% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | stomach samples, France | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.6 | |||||
Streptococcus uberis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, cows, and milk | Finegold1974, RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 36-37.5 | 40(d) | |||
Streptococcus vestibularis | Unknown | 1 | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | oral cavity, clinical sources (blood, ear - CCUG) and human faeces | Pandey2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Byrd2020, De2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38-40 | 10(+) | ||
Streptococcus viridans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | oral cavity and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Streptococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||||
Streptomyces albus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, clinical specimens and the environment | Forster2019, Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | ||||||
Streptomyces flavogriseus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Streptomyces, being aerobic and having lower optimum growth temperatures are unlikely to be gut colonisers. | soils from numerous locations | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||
Streptomyces hygroscopicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Streptomyces, being aerobic and having lower optimum growth temperatures are unlikely to be gut colonisers. | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 70.2-71.9 | |||||
Streptomyces koyangensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid, which inhibits several plant-pathogenic fungi. | soil, Korea | Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 67.8 | ||||
Streptomyces lividans | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Streptomyces, being aerobic and having lower optimum growth temperatures are unlikely to be gut colonisers. | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||||
Streptomyces massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces, and saline soil | Pfleiderer2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Filamentous | |||||||
Streptomyces misionensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil, decaying vegetation and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | ||||||
Streptomyces specialis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Streptomyces, being aerobic and having lower optimum growth temperatures are unlikely to be gut colonisers. | soil | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | |||||||
Streptomyces thermoviolaceus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hoyles2012) and blood | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | ||||||
Streptomyces thermovulgaris | 1 | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and bovine faeces | Dubourg2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | ||||||
Streptomyces violaceusniger | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Streptomyces, being aerobic and having lower optimum growth temperatures are unlikely to be gut colonisers. | sources unknown | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Streptomycetaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 71.2 | |||||
Streptosporangium roseum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | garden soil | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptosporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 70 | |||||
Subdoligranulum formicile | Gemmiger formicilis | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Gossling1975) | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Subdoligranulum variabile | 1 | Moderate | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Nam2008a, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 52 | ||||||
Succinatimonas hippei | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Succinivibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 40.3 | 20(neg) | |||||
Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces , cattle rumen, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Succinivibrionaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 39-44 | ||||
Sulfurospirillum deleyianum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Can reduce elemental sulfur but not sulfate. | anoxic mud, Germany | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Campylobacteraceae | neg | Micr | Swimming | Vibrio | No spore | 40.6 | ||||
Sutcliffiella cohnii | Bacillus cohnii | Positive | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Poor growth at pH7 so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | soil and faeces (Logan2011Bergey) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Rod | Endospore | 33.5-35 | ||||
Sutterella faecalis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Asaccharolytic. | human faeces | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 58.3 | |||||
Sutterella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Sutterella megalosphaeroides | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Sakamoto2018b) | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 62.8 | 20(w) | |||||
Sutterella parvirubra | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 64.1-64.5 | |||||
Sutterella seckii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Dione2018a) | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | No spore | |||||||||||
Sutterella stercoricanis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and dog faeces | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | Micr | Rod | No spore | 60 | ||||||
Sutterella timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||||
Sutterella wadsworthensis | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (blood, fistula, appendix tissue - CCUG) | Wang2005, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Chung2016, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | Micr | Rod | No spore | 20(+) | ||||||
Symbiobacterium thermophilum | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Isolated as a co-culture with Bacillus or other bacteria. High minimum growth temperature (45C) so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | compost, Japan | New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Symbiobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65.1 | ||||
Symbiobacterium toebii | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | A high minimum growth temperature (45C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. Symbiotic (obligate commensal) with Geobacillus sp. | farmland compost, Korea | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Symbiobacteriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 65 | ||||||
Syntrophobotulus glycolicus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Glyoxylate is fermentatively oxidised. Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | sewage sludge and anoxic freshwater sediments | New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptococcaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | Endospore | 46.7 | ||||
Syntrophococcus sucromutans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | One of the following electron acceptor systems allowed growth (organic products in parentheses): Methanobrevibacter simithii (CH4), formate (acetate), 3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoate and syringate (acetate and gallate), vanillate (acetate and protocatechuate), vanillin (acetate, protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuate), ferulate (acetate, caffeate and hydrocaffeate), caffeate (hydrocaffeate) | mesophilic, anaerobic, microbial ecosystems where complex organic matter is degraded | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Lachnospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 52 | |||||
Syntrophomonas zehnderi | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows in co-culture with hydrogenophilic archaea. Consumes mainly saturated fatty acids C4:0-C18:0. | an oleate-degrading culture enriched from anaerobic sludge sampled from an EGSB reactor, Netherlands | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Syntrophomonadaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | Endospore | |||||
Tannerella forsythia | Bacteroides forsythus | 2 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and oral cavity | MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Bik2006, McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, King2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 46 | 20(neg) | |||
Tannerella serpentiformis | Tannerella sp. HOT-286 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the human mouth | New2022 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Tannerellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Filamentous | No spore | 56.5 | |||||
Taonella mepensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and activated sludge | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rhodospirillaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.1 | |||||
Tatumella ptyseos | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (sputum, throat - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod | No spore | 53-54 | |||||
Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Tepidanaerobacteraceae | vr | ANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.4 | |||||||
Tepiditoga spiralis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a hydrothermal vent chimney, western Pacific Ocean | New2022 | Thermotogae | Thermotogae | Petrotogaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | 25.8 | ||||||
Terrahaemophilus aromaticivorans | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, oral cavity and petroleum sludge | Walker2011, Chung2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Pasteurellaceae | neg | No spore | ||||||||||
Terribacillus aidingensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a salt lake, China | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 44.6-45.0 | |||||||
Terribacillus halophilus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | field soil, Japan | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 45.8 | ||||
Terrisporobacter glycolicus | Clostridium glycolicum | 2 | Minor | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, wastewater and clinical sources (wounds, abscesses and peritoneal fluid) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1986, Zupancic2012, Pfleiderer2013, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29.1 | 20(neg) | |||
Terrisporobacter mayombei | Clostridium mayombei | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and termite gut | Lagier2016, Forster2019, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 25.6 | ||||
Terrisporobacter othiniensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Full characterisation not yet published. | a blood culture from a patient (sepsis) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | ANA | Rod | 28.5 | |||||||
Terrisporobacter petrolearius | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Uses sulfite as an electron acceptor. | an oilfield, China | Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Peptostreptococcaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 27.1 | |||||
Tessaracoccus massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Seck2016) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67.8 | ||||||
Tetragenococcus halophilus | Pediococcus halophilus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces, soy sauce and pickling brines | Byrd2020, Yang2020, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Tetrad | No spore | 34-36 | |||
Tetragenococcus koreensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermented food (kimchi), Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 34-36 | |||||
Tetragenococcus solitarius | Enterococcus solitarius | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | Woodmansey2004, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 38 | |||
Thalassobacillus devorans | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces and hypersaline phenol enrichment (Spain) | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.4 | ||||
Thauera terpenica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and forest ditch | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Zoogloeaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.9-64.2 | |||||
Thermaerobacter marianensis | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Very high minimum growth temperature (50C) and strictly aerobic nature suggests this is a gut non-coloniser. | the Mariana Trench | New2022, Zeller2014 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Eubacteriales Family XVII. Incertae Sedis | vr | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 72.5 | ||||
Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum | Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | hot springs, soil, ponds, manure and grape processing facilities | Qin2012 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Thermoanaerobacterales Family III. Incertae Sedis | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 29-32 | ||||
Thermobacillus composti | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | a composting reactor | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Paenibacillaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 60 | ||||
Thermobispora bispora | Microbispora bispora | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and high growth temperature optima of 50-65C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | decaying manure | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Streptosporangiaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Filamentous | Exospore | 70 | |||
Thermoclostridium stercorarium | Clostridium stercorarium | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | High optimum growth temperature so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | compost and has been detected in human faeces | Salonen2014, New2022 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 39-41 | ||||
Thermolithobacter ferrireducens | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Reduces Fe(III). Non-coloniser due to very high minimum growth temperature. | hot spring outflow, Yellowstone National Park, USA | Firmicutes | Thermolithobacteria | Thermolithobacteraceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Short Rod | No spore | 52-53 | |||||
Thermomonas carbonis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil from a coal mine in China | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||||
Thermomonospora curvata | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic and preferred higher growth temperatures suggests this is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | overheated substrates such as composts, manures | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Thermomonosporaceae | + | SAER | Filamentous | Exospore | ||||||
Thermophilibacter immobilis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces skatole and p-cresol. | the mud in a fermentation cellar, China | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | No spore | 65.2 | |||||
Thermophilibacter mediterraneus | Olsenella mediterranea | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | Full characterisation not yet published. | the human colon | Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Thermophilibacter provencensis | Olsenella provencensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 19% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | a colonoscopy patient, France | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Thermus scotoductus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Grows poorly at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and hot water pipe from Iceland | Yang2020, Vachida2019 | Deinococcus-Thermus | Deinococci | Thermaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 64.5 | ||||
Thiomonas islandica | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Aerobic and high growth temperature optimum (45C) suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser. | a hot spring, Iceland | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Burkholderiales genera incertae sedis | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 65.2 | ||||||
Thomasclavelia saccharogumia | Clostridium saccharogumia | 1 | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Helical | No spore | 29.4-31.7 | ||||
Thomasclavelia spiroformis | Clostridium spiroforme | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces (Alkhalil2017) | Benno1986, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Helical | Endospore | 27 | 20(neg) | ||
Tidjanibacter inops | Moderate | Isolation and characterisation not yet published. In 83% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). A moderate coloniser. | Byrd2020 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | No spore | |||||||||||||
Tidjanibacter massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Bilen2018e) and human colon | Lagier2016 | Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidia | Rikenellaceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Timonella senegalensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Jonesiaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 61.4 | |||||
Tissierella praeacuta | Bacteroides praeacutus | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (gangrenous lesions, abscesses and blood) | Benno1984, Walker2011, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellaceae | + | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 28 | |||
Trabulsiella guamensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and environmental samples | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | ||||||
Tractidigestivibacter scatoligenes | Olsenella scatoligenes | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Produces skatole. | pig and human faeces | Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Coriobacteriia | Atopobiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 62.1 | ||||
Traorella massiliensis | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | human left colon | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 36 | ||||||
Treponema berlinense | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and pig faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, De2020 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | ||||||
Treponema brennaborense | 2 | Animal pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a cow suffering from digital dermatitis | New2022, Zeller2014, Qin2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | |||||
Treponema denticola | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | oral cavities between teeth and gums | Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Qin2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 37-39 | ||||
Treponema medium | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | subgingival dental plaque | New2022, Vachida2019 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 51 | |||||
Treponema parvum | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Rare Opportunist | a deep periodontal lesion | Zupancic2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | ||||||
Treponema pectinovorum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | a patient with peridontal disease | De2020 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 39 | |||||
Treponema pedis | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | bovine digital dermatitis legions | New2022 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | |||||||
Treponema peruense | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the faeces of an Amazonian, Peru | New2022 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 41 | ||||||
Treponema phagedenis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | bovine digital dermatitis legions | Byrd2020, New2022 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 39.9-40.1 | |||||
Treponema primitia | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | termite intestinal contents | New2022, Qin2012 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 50.9 | |||||
Treponema ruminis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | bovine rumen | New2022 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | |||||||
Treponema socranskii | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | gingival crevices | New2022, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 50.2 | |||||
Treponema succinifaciens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and pig intestine | King2019, Yang2020, New2022, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | SANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | 36 | |||||
Treponema vincentii | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | the oral cavity | Vachida2019 | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetia | Treponemataceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Spirochete | No spore | ||||||
Tropheryma whipplei | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Known Pathogen | human faeces, intracellular parasite and human gut | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Dubinkina2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Tropherymataceae | neg | Sessile | Rod | 59.4 | |||||||
Trueperella bernardiae | Arcanobacterium bernardiae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (wound, blood, abscess, ear infection - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 63-66 | ||||
Trueperella pyogenes | Arcanobacterium pyogenes > Actinomyces pyogenes | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | ||||||
Tsukamurella pulmonis | Tsukamurella spongiae | 2 | Unlikely | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (sputum, blood, wound, eye - CCUG) | Yang2020 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Tsukamurellaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 70.4 | ||||
Tumebacillus avium | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the gut of a vulture, Korea | New2022 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Alicyclobacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 56.0 | ||||||
Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, permafrost | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Alicyclobacillaceae | + | AER | Sessile | Rod | Endospore | 53.1 | |||||
Turicibacter sanguinis | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, blood, appendix - CCUG) and human faeces (gut) | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Pfleiderer2013, Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Browne2016, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Qin2012, Minerbi2019 | Firmicutes | Erysipelotrichia | Erysipelotrichaceae | + | SANA | Rod | No spore | 36.9 | ||||
Turicimonas muris | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 1% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser. | Byrd2020, New2022, Minerbi2019 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Sutterellaceae | neg | FANA | Rod | No spore | 44.0 | |||||||
Tyzzerella nexilis | Clostridium nexile | Positive | 1 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Moore1974, Finegold1977, Mangin2004, Frank2007, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Zupancic2012, Tyakht2013, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Salonen2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jie2017, Vachida2019, Qin2012, LeChatelier2013, Karlsson2013 | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Clostridiaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Oval-shaped | Rare | 40-41 | 20(neg) | ||
Ureaplasma parvum | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces, urogenital flora, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | unk | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 25.5 | |||||
Ureaplasma urealyticum | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, urogenital flora, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmataceae | unk | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 25.5-27.8 | ||||
Ureibacillus massiliensis | Bacillus massiliensis | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | ||||
Ureibacillus suwonensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | compost and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 41.5 | ||||
Ureibacillus thermosphaericus | Bacillus thermosphaericus | 1 | Non | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces (Hoyles2012), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG), air sample, and landfill waste | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Caryophanaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Endospore | 36-37 | ||||
Urinicoccus timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Peptoniphilaceae | + | SANA | Coccus | 41.1 | |||||||||
Urmitella timonensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (child with marasmus - Pham2017a) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Tissierellia | Tissierellaceae | + | ANA | Rod | |||||||||
Uruburuella suis | 2 | Animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources from pigs | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 55 | ||||
Vaginimicrobium propionicum | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | a healthy vagina, France | New2022 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Propionibacteriaceae | + | Micr | Sessile | Pleiomorph rod | No spore | 50.6 | ||||||
Vagococcus carniphilus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | ground beef | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | 34.0 | 40(+) | |||||
Vagococcus fluvialis | 2 | Human and animal pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | chicken faeces (CCUG) and human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Oval-shaped | No spore | 33.6 | ||||
Vagococcus lutrae | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | common otter and has been detected in human faeces (Bilen2018e) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Vagococcus penaei | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | microbiota of spoilt shrimp | Lagier2016, Zou2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 35.4 | ||||||
Vagococcus teuberi | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | fermented milk, Malia | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Enterococcaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diplococci | No spore | 34.1 | ||||||
Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | freshwater and human faeces. Predator of algae | Yang2020 | Cyanobacteria | Candidatus Melainabacteria | neg | Swimming | Pleiomorphic | No spore | 51.4 | |||||||
Varibaculum cambriense | Varibaculum cambriensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical sources (abscess, fistula, IUCD - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Vachida2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod | 51.7 | |||||
Varibaculum timonense | Rare | Possible Mutualist | Non/unknown Pathogen | human stool samples | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | SANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 33.2 | |||||||
Variovorax boronicumulans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and soil | RajilicStojanovic2014 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 71.2 | ||||||
Variovorax ginsengisoli | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and soil from Korea | McLaughlin2010, Walker2011 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 66 | ||||||
Variovorax paradoxus | Alcaligenes paradoxus | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and soil | Yang2020, Zeller2014, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Comamonadaceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 67 | |||
Veillonella atypica | Veillonella parvula subsp. atypica | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Widespread | Known Commensal | Rare Opportunist | saliva and human faeces | Mangin2004, MacFarlane2004, Woodmansey2004, Wang2005, Bik2006, DalBello2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, De2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 36-40 | ||||
Veillonella denticariosi | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | carious dentine | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Veillonella dispar | Veillonella alcalescens subsp. dispar | Negative | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Moderate | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | oral flora, clinical sources (endocarditis and infections) and human faeces | Favier2002, DalBello2006, McLaughlin2010, Walker2011, Aujoulat2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Forster2019, Byrd2020, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 38-40 | |||
Veillonella infantium | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the tongue biofilm of a Thai child | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.6 | ||||||
Veillonella magna | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Putrescine is required for growth. | a pig mucosal jejunum, Germany | De2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Veillonella montpellierensis | Negative | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | human gastric fluid (CCUG), oral cavity, and clinical sources (endocarditis, blood - CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||
Veillonella nakazawae | Rare | Transient | Rare Opportunist | child oral cavities, Japan | New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 38.6 | ||||||
Veillonella parvula | 2 | Widespread | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | human faeces, human gut, oral cavity, and clinical sources (osteomyelitis, endocarditis, blood, bacteremia, wound) | Finegold1974, Finegold1977, Benno1984, Taylor1985, Benno1986, Benno1989, MacFarlane2004, McLaughlin2010, Dubourg2013, Aujoulat2014, Nielsen2014, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Rothschild2018, Zou2019, Almeida2019, Chung2019, Forster2019, King2019, Byrd2020, New2022, Chen2020, Dubinkina2017, Hu2019, Jeong2021, Zeller2014, Wang2018, Vachida2019, Wang2020a, Li2019b | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 37-40 | ||||||
Veillonella ratti | Veillonella alcalescens subsp. ratti | 1 | Rare | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, and rat mouth | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | No spore | 41-43 | |||||
Veillonella rodentium | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | the mouths of hampsters | Byrd2020, New2022 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | ANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 42-43 | |||||
Veillonella rogosae | 1 | Minor | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 43% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces, and oral cavity | RajilicStojanovic2014, Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | |||||
Veillonella tobetsuensis | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | In 28% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human tongue biofilms | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Negativicutes | Veillonellaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | ||||||
Vescimonas coprocola | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 56.4 | |||||||
Vescimonas fastidiosa | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Firmicutes | Clostridia | Oscillospiraceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 58.2 | |||||||
Vibrio alginolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical specimens (ear, wound - CCUG) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 45-47 | |||||
Vibrio cholerae | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Dangerous Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), clinical sources (ear infections - CCUG) and causes severe diarrhoea | Lagier2016, Almeida2019, De2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Veillonellaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | No spore | 47-49 | ||||
Vibrio cincinnatiensis | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and clinical sources (enteritis, blood, cerebrospinal fluid - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Forster2019 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 45 | |||||
Vibrio fluvialis | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Data combined for biovars I and II, plus other strains. | human faeces and clinical sources (wound, diarrhoea - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 49.3-50.6 | |||
Vibrio furnissii | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and aquatic environments | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 50.4 | ||||
Vibrio metoecus | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Close relative of V. cholerae. | human faeces, brackish ponds and clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 47.7 | |||||
Vibrio metschnikovii | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | brackish waters, fowl and (rarely) clinical sources (blood) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod - curved | No spore | 44-46 | ||||
Vibrio mimicus | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and clinical sources (diarrhoea, ear infections - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||
Vibrio natriegens | Pseudomonas natriegens | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces and salt marsh mud | Yang2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 45.1-47 | ||||
Vibrio neptunius | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser. | the larvae of bivalves, Brazil | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 46.0 | ||||
Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (diarrhoea, blood, wound - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 46-47 | |||||
Vibrio proteolyticus | Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. proteolytica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | the alimentary canal of marine isopods | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 50.5 | ||||
Vibrio rumoiensis | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low growth temperatures of 2-34C suggest it is an unlikely gut coloniser. | the waste stream of a fish processing facility, Japan | Li2019b, PerezBrocal2015 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 43.2 | ||||
Vibrio vulnificus | Beneckea vulnifica | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Includes all biogroups (1-3). Can cause food poisoning. Colonises the mucus layer at the expense of Phocaeicola vulgatus, killing the latter. | eels and clinical sources (wounds, septicaemia, bacteraemia) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Vibrionaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 46-48 | ||
Victivallis vadensis | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, blood, digester, and termites | Walker2011, Zupancic2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Wang2020a, Minerbi2019, LeChatelier2013 | Lentisphaerae | Lentisphaeria | Victivallaceae | neg | SANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 59.2 | |||||
Virgibacillus dakarensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | |||||||
Virgibacillus dokdonensis | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | an island, Korea | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.7 | |||||
Virgibacillus doumboii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 39.8 | |||||||
Virgibacillus halodenitrificans | Bacillus halodenitrificans | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a solar evaporation pond, France | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38-39 | ||||
Virgibacillus ihumii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Halophilic | human faeces (healthy) | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 41.1 | ||||||
Virgibacillus massiliensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.9 | |||||
Virgibacillus ndiopensis | Positive | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Senghor2017) that are salty | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | AER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.4 | ||||||
Virgibacillus pantothenticus | Bacillus pantothenticus | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | soil | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.9 | ||||
Virgibacillus profundi | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Low optimum temperatures (15-25C) and inability to grow at 37C makes this an unlikely gut coloniser. | marine sediments | Byrd2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | vr | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37.3 | |||||
Virgibacillus proomii | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Hoyles2012), soil and clinical sources (infant bile) | Hoyles2012, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 37 | |||||
Virgibacillus salexigens | Bacillus salexigens | 1 | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser. | human faeces and hypersaline soil in Spain | Forster2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 36.3-39.5 | |||
Virgibacillus senegalensis | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Likely gut non-coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt and is an obligate aerobe. | the faeces of a healthy volunteer, Senegal | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | SAER | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 42.9 | |||||
Virgibacillus siamensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Unlikely gut coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt. | fermented fish, Thailand | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 38.0 | |||||
Vitreoscilla massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2018) | Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | Micr | Sessile | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Vitreoscilla stercoraria | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | cow faeces | De2020 | Proteobacteria | Betaproteobacteria | Neisseriaceae | neg | AER | Gliding | Rod | No spore | 50-51 | |||||
Weeksella virosa | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | clinical specimens (UTI, rectal swab, vagina) | Lagier2016 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | neg | AER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 37.3 | ||||
Weissella cibaria | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Known Commensal | Known Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, fermented food, and clinical specimens (gall, urine - CCUG) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Hu2019, Jie2017, Zeller2014, Vachida2019, Wang2020a | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 44-45 | |||
Weissella confusa | Lactobacillus confusus | 1 | Human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Minor | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013). | human faeces, fermented food, and clinical sources (gall, blood, drainage - CCUG) | Bik2006, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Zou2019, Byrd2020, Yang2020, Hu2019, Vachida2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 45-47 | ||
Weissella paramesenteroides | Leuconostoc paramesenteroides | 1 | Minor | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Tyakht2013, RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Forster2019, Yang2020, Zeller2014, Vachida2019 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Leuconostocaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 37-38 | ||||
Weissella viridescens | Lactobacillus viridescens | 1 | Minor | Possible Commensal | Rare Opportunist | In 48% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser. | human faeces (Sanz2007 - coeliac children), clinical specimens (blood), discolored cured meat products and pasteurized milk | Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Yang2020 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Lactobacillaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 41-44 | |||
Weizmannia coagulans | Bacillus coagulans | Positive | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Known Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces, soil and spoilt food | Zou2019, PerezBrocal2015 | Firmicutes | Bacilli | Bacillaceae | + | FANA | Swimming | Rod | Endospore | 45.4-50.3 | ||
Winkia neuii | Actinomyces neuii | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, abscess, vagina, urine - CCUG) | Lagier2016, Almeida2019, Forster2019 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Actinomycetaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Diphtheroidal | No spore | 55-58 | |||||
Wolinella succinogenes | Vibrio succinogenes | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | Hydrogen and formate are used as energy sources; carbohydrates are not fermented and don't support growth. Has acquired the genes necessary for N2 fixation, probably by lateral gene transfer from cyanobacteria. | bovine rumen | Tyakht2013 | Proteobacteria | Epsilonproteobacteria | Helicobacteraceae | neg | ANA | Swimming | Helical | No spore | 46-49 | |||
Xanthomonas massiliensis | Unlikely | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (Ndongo2017) | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Xanthomonadaceae | neg | AER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | |||||||
Xylanimonas cellulosilytica | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | a decayed tree, Spain | Zeller2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Promicromonosporaceae | + | FANA | Sessile | Coccus | No spore | 73 | |||||
Yangia pacifica | Salipiger pacificus | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser. | coastal sediment, China | New2022 | Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Roseobacteraceae | neg | SAER | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 63.3 | |||
Yersinia aldovae | Yersinia enterocolitica-Like Group X2 | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG) and aquatic ecosystems | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48 | |||||
Yersinia aleksiciae | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, dairy products, and animals | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.1 | |||||
Yersinia alsatica | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, France | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 47.6 | |||||||
Yersinia artesiana | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, France | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Rod - curved | No spore | 47.8 | |||||||
Yersinia bercovieri | Yersinia enterocolitica Biogroup 3B | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, vegetables, and water sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 50 | ||||
Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica | Yersinia enterocolitica | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Possible Commensal | Known Pathogen | Pathogenic; unlikely to be a coloniser in a healthy microbiome. | human faeces, and clinical sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020, Zeller2014 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.5 | ||
Yersinia frederiksenii | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | human faeces, and water sources | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48 | ||||
Yersinia intermedia | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Pathogen | Unlikely to be pathogenic. Most clinical isolates are clusters and seem unrelated to the illnesses of the patients. In 2% of healthy Europeans (unseenbio.com) | aquatic systems, rarely terrestrially or in humans. Found in human faeces and clinical sources (blood) and food. | Cassir2015, Lagier2016, Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.5 | |||
Yersinia kristensenii subsp. kristensenii | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Rare | Transient | Opportunistic Pathogen | Although the bacterium can be found in faeces, it requires cold enrichment to grow. This suggests it won't be a significant coloniser of the gut. | soil, food, clinical sources (rare) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 48.5 | |||
Yersinia kristensenii subsp. rochesterensis | Negative | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Coccobacillus | No spore | 48.5 | ||||||
Yersinia massiliensis | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | water, milk, vegetatables and human faeces (CCUG) | Byrd2020 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | |||||||
Yersinia mollaretii | Yersinia enterocolitica biogroup 3A | 1 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces (CCUG), drinking water, vegetables | Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | 50-51 | ||||
Yersinia occitanica | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, France | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Short Rod | No spore | 47.8 | |||||||
Yersinia pestis | 4 | Can be passed from animals to humans | Non | Transient | Known Pathogen | Highly dangerous pathogen. Not a long term coloniser of the human gut. | rodents and their fleas | Byrd2020, New2022 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Sessile | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46 | |||
Yersinia proxima | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, France | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod - curved | No spore | 47 | |||||||
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis | Pasteurella lymphangitidis | Negative | 2 | Zoonotic pathogen | Unlikely | Transient | Possible Pathogen | clinical sources (blood, lymph node - CCUG) and human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | 46.5 | ||
Yersinia rohdei | 1 | Opportunistic in immunocompromised patients | Rare | Possible Commensal | Opportunistic Infection | human faeces | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Coccobacillus | No spore | 49.1 | ||||
Yersinia vastinensis | Rare | Known Commensal | Non/unknown Pathogen | human faeces, France | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Yersiniaceae | neg | FANA | vr | Rod - curved | No spore | 46.9 | |||||||
Yokenella regensburgei | Koserella trabulsii | Negative | 2 | Rare | Possible Commensal | Possible Pathogen | human faeces (ulceritive colitis - Alkhalil2017), insects, and clinical sources (wound) | RajilicStojanovic2014, Lagier2016, Dubinkina2017 | Proteobacteria | Gammaproteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | neg | FANA | Swimming | Rod | No spore | 58-59.3 | |||
Yonghaparkia alkaliphila | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Obligate aerobe, no spore formation and doesn't grow at 38C, so probably a gut non-coloniser. | human faeces, and alkaline soil | McLaughlin2010, RajilicStojanovic2014 | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetia | Microbacteriaceae | + | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 71.1-71.6 | ||||
Zunongwangia profunda | Wangia profunda | 1 | Non | Transient | Non/unknown Pathogen | Strictly aerobic and low optimum growth conditions suggests this not a gut coloniser. | deep-sea sediment, Japan | Qin2012 | Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriaceae | neg | SAER | Sessile | Rod | No spore | 35.8 |
Click on table headings to sort. Table abbreviations: OxTol - oxygen tolerance; Motil - motility; Morph - morphology; Spore - endo/exospore; DnaGC - %GC content in DNA; Bile - growth with bile;